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, or
tag if missing. $text = preg_replace( '!
([^<]+)!', '
', $text ); // If an opening or closing block element tag is wrapped in a
, unwrap it. $text = preg_replace( '!
\s*(]*>)\s*
!', '$1', $text ); // In some cases
may get wrapped in
, fix them. $text = preg_replace( '|
(|', '$1', $text ); // If a
is wrapped with a
, move it inside the
. $text = preg_replace( '|
]*)>|i', '
', $text ); $text = str_replace( '
', '
', $text ); // If an opening or closing block element tag is preceded by an opening
tag, remove it. $text = preg_replace( '!
\s*(]*>)!', '$1', $text ); // If an opening or closing block element tag is followed by a closing
tag, remove it. $text = preg_replace( '!(]*>)\s*
!', '$1', $text ); // Optionally insert line breaks. if ( $br ) { // Replace newlines that shouldn't be touched with a placeholder. $text = preg_replace_callback( '/<(script|style|svg|math).*?<\/\\1>/s', '_autop_newline_preservation_helper', $text ); // Normalize
. $text = str_replace( array( '
', '
' ), '
', $text ); // Replace any new line characters that aren't preceded by a
with a
. $text = preg_replace( '|(?)\s*\n|', "
\n", $text ); // Replace newline placeholders with newlines. $text = str_replace( '', "\n", $text ); } // If a
tag is after an opening or closing block tag, remove it. $text = preg_replace( '!(]*>)\s*
!', '$1', $text ); // If a
tag is before a subset of opening or closing block tags, remove it. $text = preg_replace( '!
(\s*]*>)!', '$1', $text ); $text = preg_replace( "|\n
$|", '
', $text ); // Replace placeholder
 tags with their original content.
	if ( ! empty( $pre_tags ) ) {
		$text = str_replace( array_keys( $pre_tags ), array_values( $pre_tags ), $text );
	}

	// Restore newlines in all elements.
	if ( str_contains( $text, '' ) ) {
		$text = str_replace( array( '  ', '' ), "\n", $text );
	}

	return $text;
}

/**
 * Separates HTML elements and comments from the text.
 *
 * @since 4.2.4
 *
 * @param string $input The text which has to be formatted.
 * @return string[] Array of the formatted text.
 */
function wp_html_split( $input ) {
	return preg_split( get_html_split_regex(), $input, -1, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE );
}

/**
 * Retrieves the regular expression for an HTML element.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @return string The regular expression.
 */
function get_html_split_regex() {
	static $regex;

	if ( ! isset( $regex ) ) {
		// phpcs:disable Squiz.Strings.ConcatenationSpacing.PaddingFound -- don't remove regex indentation
		$comments =
			'!'             // Start of comment, after the <.
			. '(?:'         // Unroll the loop: Consume everything until --> is found.
			.     '-(?!->)' // Dash not followed by end of comment.
			.     '[^\-]*+' // Consume non-dashes.
			. ')*+'         // Loop possessively.
			. '(?:-->)?';   // End of comment. If not found, match all input.

		$cdata =
			'!\[CDATA\['    // Start of comment, after the <.
			. '[^\]]*+'     // Consume non-].
			. '(?:'         // Unroll the loop: Consume everything until ]]> is found.
			.     '](?!]>)' // One ] not followed by end of comment.
			.     '[^\]]*+' // Consume non-].
			. ')*+'         // Loop possessively.
			. '(?:]]>)?';   // End of comment. If not found, match all input.

		$escaped =
			'(?='             // Is the element escaped?
			.    '!--'
			. '|'
			.    '!\[CDATA\['
			. ')'
			. '(?(?=!-)'      // If yes, which type?
			.     $comments
			. '|'
			.     $cdata
			. ')';

		$regex =
			'/('                // Capture the entire match.
			.     '<'           // Find start of element.
			.     '(?'          // Conditional expression follows.
			.         $escaped  // Find end of escaped element.
			.     '|'           // ...else...
			.         '[^>]*>?' // Find end of normal element.
			.     ')'
			. ')/';
		// phpcs:enable
	}

	return $regex;
}

/**
 * Retrieves the combined regular expression for HTML and shortcodes.
 *
 * @access private
 * @ignore
 * @internal This function will be removed in 4.5.0 per Shortcode API Roadmap.
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @param string $shortcode_regex Optional. The result from _get_wptexturize_shortcode_regex().
 * @return string The regular expression.
 */
function _get_wptexturize_split_regex( $shortcode_regex = '' ) {
	static $html_regex;

	if ( ! isset( $html_regex ) ) {
		// phpcs:disable Squiz.Strings.ConcatenationSpacing.PaddingFound -- don't remove regex indentation
		$comment_regex =
			'!'             // Start of comment, after the <.
			. '(?:'         // Unroll the loop: Consume everything until --> is found.
			.     '-(?!->)' // Dash not followed by end of comment.
			.     '[^\-]*+' // Consume non-dashes.
			. ')*+'         // Loop possessively.
			. '(?:-->)?';   // End of comment. If not found, match all input.

		$html_regex = // Needs replaced with wp_html_split() per Shortcode API Roadmap.
			'<'                  // Find start of element.
			. '(?(?=!--)'        // Is this a comment?
			.     $comment_regex // Find end of comment.
			. '|'
			.     '[^>]*>?'      // Find end of element. If not found, match all input.
			. ')';
		// phpcs:enable
	}

	if ( empty( $shortcode_regex ) ) {
		$regex = '/(' . $html_regex . ')/';
	} else {
		$regex = '/(' . $html_regex . '|' . $shortcode_regex . ')/';
	}

	return $regex;
}

/**
 * Retrieves the regular expression for shortcodes.
 *
 * @access private
 * @ignore
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @param string[] $tagnames Array of shortcodes to find.
 * @return string The regular expression.
 */
function _get_wptexturize_shortcode_regex( $tagnames ) {
	$tagregexp = implode( '|', array_map( 'preg_quote', $tagnames ) );
	$tagregexp = "(?:$tagregexp)(?=[\\s\\]\\/])"; // Excerpt of get_shortcode_regex().
	// phpcs:disable Squiz.Strings.ConcatenationSpacing.PaddingFound -- don't remove regex indentation
	$regex =
		'\['                // Find start of shortcode.
		. '[\/\[]?'         // Shortcodes may begin with [/ or [[.
		. $tagregexp        // Only match registered shortcodes, because performance.
		. '(?:'
		.     '[^\[\]<>]+'  // Shortcodes do not contain other shortcodes. Quantifier critical.
		. '|'
		.     '<[^\[\]>]*>' // HTML elements permitted. Prevents matching ] before >.
		. ')*+'             // Possessive critical.
		. '\]'              // Find end of shortcode.
		. '\]?';            // Shortcodes may end with ]].
	// phpcs:enable

	return $regex;
}

/**
 * Replaces characters or phrases within HTML elements only.
 *
 * @since 4.2.3
 *
 * @param string $haystack      The text which has to be formatted.
 * @param array  $replace_pairs In the form array('from' => 'to', ...).
 * @return string The formatted text.
 */
function wp_replace_in_html_tags( $haystack, $replace_pairs ) {
	// Find all elements.
	$textarr = wp_html_split( $haystack );
	$changed = false;

	// Optimize when searching for one item.
	if ( 1 === count( $replace_pairs ) ) {
		// Extract $needle and $replace.
		$needle  = array_key_first( $replace_pairs );
		$replace = $replace_pairs[ $needle ];

		// Loop through delimiters (elements) only.
		for ( $i = 1, $c = count( $textarr ); $i < $c; $i += 2 ) {
			if ( str_contains( $textarr[ $i ], $needle ) ) {
				$textarr[ $i ] = str_replace( $needle, $replace, $textarr[ $i ] );
				$changed       = true;
			}
		}
	} else {
		// Extract all $needles.
		$needles = array_keys( $replace_pairs );

		// Loop through delimiters (elements) only.
		for ( $i = 1, $c = count( $textarr ); $i < $c; $i += 2 ) {
			foreach ( $needles as $needle ) {
				if ( str_contains( $textarr[ $i ], $needle ) ) {
					$textarr[ $i ] = strtr( $textarr[ $i ], $replace_pairs );
					$changed       = true;
					// After one strtr() break out of the foreach loop and look at next element.
					break;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	if ( $changed ) {
		$haystack = implode( $textarr );
	}

	return $haystack;
}

/**
 * Newline preservation help function for wpautop().
 *
 * @since 3.1.0
 * @access private
 *
 * @param array $matches preg_replace_callback matches array
 * @return string Text with newlines replaced with placeholders.
 */
function _autop_newline_preservation_helper( $matches ) {
	return str_replace( "\n", '', $matches[0] );
}

/**
 * Don't auto-p wrap shortcodes that stand alone.
 *
 * Ensures that shortcodes are not wrapped in `...`.
 *
 * @since 2.9.0
 *
 * @global array $shortcode_tags
 *
 * @param string $text The content.
 * @return string The filtered content.
 */
function shortcode_unautop( $text ) {
	global $shortcode_tags;

	if ( empty( $shortcode_tags ) || ! is_array( $shortcode_tags ) ) {
		return $text;
	}

	$tagregexp = implode( '|', array_map( 'preg_quote', array_keys( $shortcode_tags ) ) );
	$spaces    = wp_spaces_regexp();

	// phpcs:disable Squiz.Strings.ConcatenationSpacing.PaddingFound,Universal.WhiteSpace.PrecisionAlignment.Found -- don't remove regex indentation
	$pattern =
		'/'
		. ''                              // Opening paragraph.
		. '(?:' . $spaces . ')*+'            // Optional leading whitespace.
		. '('                                // 1: The shortcode.
		.     '\\['                          // Opening bracket.
		.     "($tagregexp)"                 // 2: Shortcode name.
		.     '(?![\\w-])'                   // Not followed by word character or hyphen.
											 // Unroll the loop: Inside the opening shortcode tag.
		.     '[^\\]\\/]*'                   // Not a closing bracket or forward slash.
		.     '(?:'
		.         '\\/(?!\\])'               // A forward slash not followed by a closing bracket.
		.         '[^\\]\\/]*'               // Not a closing bracket or forward slash.
		.     ')*?'
		.     '(?:'
		.         '\\/\\]'                   // Self closing tag and closing bracket.
		.     '|'
		.         '\\]'                      // Closing bracket.
		.         '(?:'                      // Unroll the loop: Optionally, anything between the opening and closing shortcode tags.
		.             '[^\\[]*+'             // Not an opening bracket.
		.             '(?:'
		.                 '\\[(?!\\/\\2\\])' // An opening bracket not followed by the closing shortcode tag.
		.                 '[^\\[]*+'         // Not an opening bracket.
		.             ')*+'
		.             '\\[\\/\\2\\]'         // Closing shortcode tag.
		.         ')?'
		.     ')'
		. ')'
		. '(?:' . $spaces . ')*+'            // Optional trailing whitespace.
		. '<\\/p>'                           // Closing paragraph.
		. '/';
	// phpcs:enable

	return preg_replace( $pattern, '$1', $text );
}

/**
 * Checks to see if a string is utf8 encoded.
 *
 * NOTE: This function checks for 5-Byte sequences, UTF8
 *       has Bytes Sequences with a maximum length of 4.
 *
 * @author bmorel at ssi dot fr (modified)
 * @since 1.2.1
 * @deprecated 6.9.0 Use {@see wp_is_valid_utf8()} instead.
 *
 * @param string $str The string to be checked.
 * @return bool True if $str fits a UTF-8 model, false otherwise.
 */
function seems_utf8( $str ) {
	_deprecated_function( __FUNCTION__, '6.9.0', 'wp_is_valid_utf8()' );

	mbstring_binary_safe_encoding();
	$length = strlen( $str );
	reset_mbstring_encoding();

	for ( $i = 0; $i < $length; $i++ ) {
		$c = ord( $str[ $i ] );

		if ( $c < 0x80 ) {
			$n = 0; // 0bbbbbbb
		} elseif ( ( $c & 0xE0 ) === 0xC0 ) {
			$n = 1; // 110bbbbb
		} elseif ( ( $c & 0xF0 ) === 0xE0 ) {
			$n = 2; // 1110bbbb
		} elseif ( ( $c & 0xF8 ) === 0xF0 ) {
			$n = 3; // 11110bbb
		} elseif ( ( $c & 0xFC ) === 0xF8 ) {
			$n = 4; // 111110bb
		} elseif ( ( $c & 0xFE ) === 0xFC ) {
			$n = 5; // 1111110b
		} else {
			return false; // Does not match any model.
		}

		for ( $j = 0; $j < $n; $j++ ) { // n bytes matching 10bbbbbb follow?
			if ( ( ++$i === $length ) || ( ( ord( $str[ $i ] ) & 0xC0 ) !== 0x80 ) ) {
				return false;
			}
		}
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Converts a number of special characters into their HTML entities.
 *
 * Specifically deals with: `&`, `<`, `>`, `"`, and `'`.
 *
 * `$quote_style` can be set to ENT_COMPAT to encode `"` to
 * `"`, or ENT_QUOTES to do both. Default is ENT_NOQUOTES where no quotes are encoded.
 *
 * @since 1.2.2
 * @since 5.5.0 `$quote_style` also accepts `ENT_XML1`.
 * @access private
 *
 * @param string       $text          The text which is to be encoded.
 * @param int|string   $quote_style   Optional. Converts double quotes if set to ENT_COMPAT,
 *                                    both single and double if set to ENT_QUOTES or none if set to ENT_NOQUOTES.
 *                                    Converts single and double quotes, as well as converting HTML
 *                                    named entities (that are not also XML named entities) to their
 *                                    code points if set to ENT_XML1. Also compatible with old values;
 *                                    converting single quotes if set to 'single',
 *                                    double if set to 'double' or both if otherwise set.
 *                                    Default is ENT_NOQUOTES.
 * @param false|string $charset       Optional. The character encoding of the string. Default false.
 * @param bool         $double_encode Optional. Whether to encode existing HTML entities. Default false.
 * @return string The encoded text with HTML entities.
 */
function _wp_specialchars( $text, $quote_style = ENT_NOQUOTES, $charset = false, $double_encode = false ) {
	$text = (string) $text;

	if ( 0 === strlen( $text ) ) {
		return '';
	}

	// Don't bother if there are no specialchars - saves some processing.
	if ( ! preg_match( '/[&<>"\']/', $text ) ) {
		return $text;
	}

	// Account for the previous behavior of the function when the $quote_style is not an accepted value.
	if ( empty( $quote_style ) ) {
		$quote_style = ENT_NOQUOTES;
	} elseif ( ENT_XML1 === $quote_style ) {
		$quote_style = ENT_QUOTES | ENT_XML1;
	} elseif ( ! in_array( $quote_style, array( ENT_NOQUOTES, ENT_COMPAT, ENT_QUOTES, 'single', 'double' ), true ) ) {
		$quote_style = ENT_QUOTES;
	}

	$charset = _canonical_charset( $charset ? $charset : get_option( 'blog_charset' ) );

	$_quote_style = $quote_style;

	if ( 'double' === $quote_style ) {
		$quote_style  = ENT_COMPAT;
		$_quote_style = ENT_COMPAT;
	} elseif ( 'single' === $quote_style ) {
		$quote_style = ENT_NOQUOTES;
	}

	if ( ! $double_encode ) {
		/*
		 * Guarantee every &entity; is valid, convert &garbage; into &garbage;
		 * This is required for PHP < 5.4.0 because ENT_HTML401 flag is unavailable.
		 */
		$text = wp_kses_normalize_entities( $text, ( $quote_style & ENT_XML1 ) ? 'xml' : 'html' );
	}

	$text = htmlspecialchars( $text, $quote_style, $charset, $double_encode );

	// Back-compat.
	if ( 'single' === $_quote_style ) {
		$text = str_replace( "'", ''', $text );
	}

	return $text;
}

/**
 * Converts a number of HTML entities into their special characters.
 *
 * Specifically deals with: `&`, `<`, `>`, `"`, and `'`.
 *
 * `$quote_style` can be set to ENT_COMPAT to decode `"` entities,
 * or ENT_QUOTES to do both `"` and `'`. Default is ENT_NOQUOTES where no quotes are decoded.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 *
 * @param string     $text        The text which is to be decoded.
 * @param string|int $quote_style Optional. Converts double quotes if set to ENT_COMPAT,
 *                                both single and double if set to ENT_QUOTES or
 *                                none if set to ENT_NOQUOTES.
 *                                Also compatible with old _wp_specialchars() values;
 *                                converting single quotes if set to 'single',
 *                                double if set to 'double' or both if otherwise set.
 *                                Default is ENT_NOQUOTES.
 * @return string The decoded text without HTML entities.
 */
function wp_specialchars_decode( $text, $quote_style = ENT_NOQUOTES ) {
	$text = (string) $text;

	if ( 0 === strlen( $text ) ) {
		return '';
	}

	// Don't bother if there are no entities - saves a lot of processing.
	if ( ! str_contains( $text, '&' ) ) {
		return $text;
	}

	// Match the previous behavior of _wp_specialchars() when the $quote_style is not an accepted value.
	if ( empty( $quote_style ) ) {
		$quote_style = ENT_NOQUOTES;
	} elseif ( ! in_array( $quote_style, array( 0, 2, 3, 'single', 'double' ), true ) ) {
		$quote_style = ENT_QUOTES;
	}

	// More complete than get_html_translation_table( HTML_SPECIALCHARS ).
	$single      = array(
		''' => '\'',
		''' => '\'',
	);
	$single_preg = array(
		'/�*39;/'   => ''',
		'/�*27;/i' => ''',
	);
	$double      = array(
		'"' => '"',
		'"' => '"',
		'"' => '"',
	);
	$double_preg = array(
		'/�*34;/'   => '"',
		'/�*22;/i' => '"',
	);
	$others      = array(
		'<'   => '<',
		'<' => '<',
		'>'   => '>',
		'>' => '>',
		'&'  => '&',
		'&' => '&',
		'&' => '&',
	);
	$others_preg = array(
		'/�*60;/'   => '<',
		'/�*62;/'   => '>',
		'/�*38;/'   => '&',
		'/�*26;/i' => '&',
	);

	if ( ENT_QUOTES === $quote_style ) {
		$translation      = array_merge( $single, $double, $others );
		$translation_preg = array_merge( $single_preg, $double_preg, $others_preg );
	} elseif ( ENT_COMPAT === $quote_style || 'double' === $quote_style ) {
		$translation      = array_merge( $double, $others );
		$translation_preg = array_merge( $double_preg, $others_preg );
	} elseif ( 'single' === $quote_style ) {
		$translation      = array_merge( $single, $others );
		$translation_preg = array_merge( $single_preg, $others_preg );
	} elseif ( ENT_NOQUOTES === $quote_style ) {
		$translation      = $others;
		$translation_preg = $others_preg;
	}

	// Remove zero padding on numeric entities.
	$text = preg_replace( array_keys( $translation_preg ), array_values( $translation_preg ), $text );

	// Replace characters according to translation table.
	return strtr( $text, $translation );
}

/**
 * Checks for invalid UTF8 in a string.
 *
 * Note! This function only performs its work if the `blog_charset` is set
 * to UTF-8. For all other values it returns the input text unchanged.
 *
 * Note! Unless requested, this returns an empty string if the input contains
 * any sequences of invalid UTF-8. To replace invalid byte sequences, pass
 * `true` as the optional `$strip` parameter.
 *
 * Consider using {@see wp_scrub_utf8()} instead which does not depend on
 * the value of `blog_charset`.
 *
 * Example:
 *
 *     // The `blog_charset` is `latin1`, so this returns the input unchanged.
 *     $every_possible_input === wp_check_invalid_utf8( $every_possible_input );
 *
 *     // Valid strings come through unchanged.
 *     'test' === wp_check_invalid_utf8( 'test' );
 *
 *     $invalid = "the byte \xC0 is never allowed in a UTF-8 string.";
 *
 *     // Invalid strings are rejected outright.
 *     '' === wp_check_invalid_utf8( $invalid );
 *
 *     // “Stripping” invalid sequences produces the replacement character instead.
 *     "the byte \u{FFFD} is never allowed in a UTF-8 string." === wp_check_invalid_utf8( $invalid, true );
 *     'the byte � is never allowed in a UTF-8 string.' === wp_check_invalid_utf8( $invalid, true );
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 * @since 6.9.0 Stripping replaces invalid byte sequences with the Unicode replacement character U+FFFD (�).
 *
 * @param string $text   String which is expected to be encoded as UTF-8 unless `blog_charset` is another encoding.
 * @param bool   $strip  Optional. Whether to replace invalid sequences of bytes with the Unicode replacement
 *                       character (U+FFFD `�`). Default `false` returns an empty string for invalid UTF-8 inputs.
 * @return string The checked text.
 */
function wp_check_invalid_utf8( $text, $strip = false ) {
	$text = (string) $text;

	if ( 0 === strlen( $text ) ) {
		return '';
	}

	// Store the site charset as a static to avoid multiple calls to get_option().
	static $is_utf8 = null;
	if ( ! isset( $is_utf8 ) ) {
		$is_utf8 = is_utf8_charset();
	}

	if ( ! $is_utf8 || wp_is_valid_utf8( $text ) ) {
		return $text;
	}

	return $strip
		? wp_scrub_utf8( $text )
		: '';
}

/**
 * Encodes the Unicode values to be used in the URI.
 *
 * @since 1.5.0
 * @since 5.8.3 Added the `encode_ascii_characters` parameter.
 *
 * @param string $utf8_string             String to encode.
 * @param int    $length                  Max length of the string.
 * @param bool   $encode_ascii_characters Whether to encode ascii characters such as < " '
 * @return string String with Unicode encoded for URI.
 */
function utf8_uri_encode( $utf8_string, $length = 0, $encode_ascii_characters = false ) {
	$unicode        = '';
	$values         = array();
	$num_octets     = 1;
	$unicode_length = 0;

	mbstring_binary_safe_encoding();
	$string_length = strlen( $utf8_string );
	reset_mbstring_encoding();

	for ( $i = 0; $i < $string_length; $i++ ) {

		$value = ord( $utf8_string[ $i ] );

		if ( $value < 128 ) {
			$char                = chr( $value );
			$encoded_char        = $encode_ascii_characters ? rawurlencode( $char ) : $char;
			$encoded_char_length = strlen( $encoded_char );
			if ( $length && ( $unicode_length + $encoded_char_length ) > $length ) {
				break;
			}
			$unicode        .= $encoded_char;
			$unicode_length += $encoded_char_length;
		} else {
			if ( 0 === count( $values ) ) {
				if ( $value < 224 ) {
					$num_octets = 2;
				} elseif ( $value < 240 ) {
					$num_octets = 3;
				} else {
					$num_octets = 4;
				}
			}

			$values[] = $value;

			if ( $length && ( $unicode_length + ( $num_octets * 3 ) ) > $length ) {
				break;
			}
			if ( count( $values ) === $num_octets ) {
				for ( $j = 0; $j < $num_octets; $j++ ) {
					$unicode .= '%' . dechex( $values[ $j ] );
				}

				$unicode_length += $num_octets * 3;

				$values     = array();
				$num_octets = 1;
			}
		}
	}

	return $unicode;
}

/**
 * Converts all accent characters to ASCII characters.
 *
 * If there are no accent characters, then the string given is just returned.
 *
 * **Accent characters converted:**
 *
 * Currency signs:
 *
 * |   Code   | Glyph | Replacement |     Description     |
 * | -------- | ----- | ----------- | ------------------- |
 * | U+00A3   | £     | (empty)     | British Pound sign  |
 * | U+20AC   | €     | E           | Euro sign           |
 *
 * Decompositions for Latin-1 Supplement:
 *
 * |  Code   | Glyph | Replacement |               Description              |
 * | ------- | ----- | ----------- | -------------------------------------- |
 * | U+00AA  | ª     | a           | Feminine ordinal indicator             |
 * | U+00BA  | º     | o           | Masculine ordinal indicator            |
 * | U+00C0  | À     | A           | Latin capital letter A with grave      |
 * | U+00C1  | Á     | A           | Latin capital letter A with acute      |
 * | U+00C2  | Â     | A           | Latin capital letter A with circumflex |
 * | U+00C3  | Ã     | A           | Latin capital letter A with tilde      |
 * | U+00C4  | Ä     | A           | Latin capital letter A with diaeresis  |
 * | U+00C5  | Å     | A           | Latin capital letter A with ring above |
 * | U+00C6  | Æ     | AE          | Latin capital letter AE                |
 * | U+00C7  | Ç     | C           | Latin capital letter C with cedilla    |
 * | U+00C8  | È     | E           | Latin capital letter E with grave      |
 * | U+00C9  | É     | E           | Latin capital letter E with acute      |
 * | U+00CA  | Ê     | E           | Latin capital letter E with circumflex |
 * | U+00CB  | Ë     | E           | Latin capital letter E with diaeresis  |
 * | U+00CC  | Ì     | I           | Latin capital letter I with grave      |
 * | U+00CD  | Í     | I           | Latin capital letter I with acute      |
 * | U+00CE  | Î     | I           | Latin capital letter I with circumflex |
 * | U+00CF  | Ï     | I           | Latin capital letter I with diaeresis  |
 * | U+00D0  | Ð     | D           | Latin capital letter Eth               |
 * | U+00D1  | Ñ     | N           | Latin capital letter N with tilde      |
 * | U+00D2  | Ò     | O           | Latin capital letter O with grave      |
 * | U+00D3  | Ó     | O           | Latin capital letter O with acute      |
 * | U+00D4  | Ô     | O           | Latin capital letter O with circumflex |
 * | U+00D5  | Õ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with tilde      |
 * | U+00D6  | Ö     | O           | Latin capital letter O with diaeresis  |
 * | U+00D8  | Ø     | O           | Latin capital letter O with stroke     |
 * | U+00D9  | Ù     | U           | Latin capital letter U with grave      |
 * | U+00DA  | Ú     | U           | Latin capital letter U with acute      |
 * | U+00DB  | Û     | U           | Latin capital letter U with circumflex |
 * | U+00DC  | Ü     | U           | Latin capital letter U with diaeresis  |
 * | U+00DD  | Ý     | Y           | Latin capital letter Y with acute      |
 * | U+00DE  | Þ     | TH          | Latin capital letter Thorn             |
 * | U+00DF  | ß     | s           | Latin small letter sharp s             |
 * | U+00E0  | à     | a           | Latin small letter a with grave        |
 * | U+00E1  | á     | a           | Latin small letter a with acute        |
 * | U+00E2  | â     | a           | Latin small letter a with circumflex   |
 * | U+00E3  | ã     | a           | Latin small letter a with tilde        |
 * | U+00E4  | ä     | a           | Latin small letter a with diaeresis    |
 * | U+00E5  | å     | a           | Latin small letter a with ring above   |
 * | U+00E6  | æ     | ae          | Latin small letter ae                  |
 * | U+00E7  | ç     | c           | Latin small letter c with cedilla      |
 * | U+00E8  | è     | e           | Latin small letter e with grave        |
 * | U+00E9  | é     | e           | Latin small letter e with acute        |
 * | U+00EA  | ê     | e           | Latin small letter e with circumflex   |
 * | U+00EB  | ë     | e           | Latin small letter e with diaeresis    |
 * | U+00EC  | ì     | i           | Latin small letter i with grave        |
 * | U+00ED  | í     | i           | Latin small letter i with acute        |
 * | U+00EE  | î     | i           | Latin small letter i with circumflex   |
 * | U+00EF  | ï     | i           | Latin small letter i with diaeresis    |
 * | U+00F0  | ð     | d           | Latin small letter Eth                 |
 * | U+00F1  | ñ     | n           | Latin small letter n with tilde        |
 * | U+00F2  | ò     | o           | Latin small letter o with grave        |
 * | U+00F3  | ó     | o           | Latin small letter o with acute        |
 * | U+00F4  | ô     | o           | Latin small letter o with circumflex   |
 * | U+00F5  | õ     | o           | Latin small letter o with tilde        |
 * | U+00F6  | ö     | o           | Latin small letter o with diaeresis    |
 * | U+00F8  | ø     | o           | Latin small letter o with stroke       |
 * | U+00F9  | ù     | u           | Latin small letter u with grave        |
 * | U+00FA  | ú     | u           | Latin small letter u with acute        |
 * | U+00FB  | û     | u           | Latin small letter u with circumflex   |
 * | U+00FC  | ü     | u           | Latin small letter u with diaeresis    |
 * | U+00FD  | ý     | y           | Latin small letter y with acute        |
 * | U+00FE  | þ     | th          | Latin small letter Thorn               |
 * | U+00FF  | ÿ     | y           | Latin small letter y with diaeresis    |
 *
 * Decompositions for Latin Extended-A:
 *
 * |  Code   | Glyph | Replacement |                    Description                    |
 * | ------- | ----- | ----------- | ------------------------------------------------- |
 * | U+0100  | Ā     | A           | Latin capital letter A with macron                |
 * | U+0101  | ā     | a           | Latin small letter a with macron                  |
 * | U+0102  | Ă     | A           | Latin capital letter A with breve                 |
 * | U+0103  | ă     | a           | Latin small letter a with breve                   |
 * | U+0104  | Ą     | A           | Latin capital letter A with ogonek                |
 * | U+0105  | ą     | a           | Latin small letter a with ogonek                  |
 * | U+01006 | Ć     | C           | Latin capital letter C with acute                 |
 * | U+0107  | ć     | c           | Latin small letter c with acute                   |
 * | U+0108  | Ĉ     | C           | Latin capital letter C with circumflex            |
 * | U+0109  | ĉ     | c           | Latin small letter c with circumflex              |
 * | U+010A  | Ċ     | C           | Latin capital letter C with dot above             |
 * | U+010B  | ċ     | c           | Latin small letter c with dot above               |
 * | U+010C  | Č     | C           | Latin capital letter C with caron                 |
 * | U+010D  | č     | c           | Latin small letter c with caron                   |
 * | U+010E  | Ď     | D           | Latin capital letter D with caron                 |
 * | U+010F  | ď     | d           | Latin small letter d with caron                   |
 * | U+0110  | Đ     | D           | Latin capital letter D with stroke                |
 * | U+0111  | đ     | d           | Latin small letter d with stroke                  |
 * | U+0112  | Ē     | E           | Latin capital letter E with macron                |
 * | U+0113  | ē     | e           | Latin small letter e with macron                  |
 * | U+0114  | Ĕ     | E           | Latin capital letter E with breve                 |
 * | U+0115  | ĕ     | e           | Latin small letter e with breve                   |
 * | U+0116  | Ė     | E           | Latin capital letter E with dot above             |
 * | U+0117  | ė     | e           | Latin small letter e with dot above               |
 * | U+0118  | Ę     | E           | Latin capital letter E with ogonek                |
 * | U+0119  | ę     | e           | Latin small letter e with ogonek                  |
 * | U+011A  | Ě     | E           | Latin capital letter E with caron                 |
 * | U+011B  | ě     | e           | Latin small letter e with caron                   |
 * | U+011C  | Ĝ     | G           | Latin capital letter G with circumflex            |
 * | U+011D  | ĝ     | g           | Latin small letter g with circumflex              |
 * | U+011E  | Ğ     | G           | Latin capital letter G with breve                 |
 * | U+011F  | ğ     | g           | Latin small letter g with breve                   |
 * | U+0120  | Ġ     | G           | Latin capital letter G with dot above             |
 * | U+0121  | ġ     | g           | Latin small letter g with dot above               |
 * | U+0122  | Ģ     | G           | Latin capital letter G with cedilla               |
 * | U+0123  | ģ     | g           | Latin small letter g with cedilla                 |
 * | U+0124  | Ĥ     | H           | Latin capital letter H with circumflex            |
 * | U+0125  | ĥ     | h           | Latin small letter h with circumflex              |
 * | U+0126  | Ħ     | H           | Latin capital letter H with stroke                |
 * | U+0127  | ħ     | h           | Latin small letter h with stroke                  |
 * | U+0128  | Ĩ     | I           | Latin capital letter I with tilde                 |
 * | U+0129  | ĩ     | i           | Latin small letter i with tilde                   |
 * | U+012A  | Ī     | I           | Latin capital letter I with macron                |
 * | U+012B  | ī     | i           | Latin small letter i with macron                  |
 * | U+012C  | Ĭ     | I           | Latin capital letter I with breve                 |
 * | U+012D  | ĭ     | i           | Latin small letter i with breve                   |
 * | U+012E  | Į     | I           | Latin capital letter I with ogonek                |
 * | U+012F  | į     | i           | Latin small letter i with ogonek                  |
 * | U+0130  | İ     | I           | Latin capital letter I with dot above             |
 * | U+0131  | ı     | i           | Latin small letter dotless i                      |
 * | U+0132  | Ĳ     | IJ          | Latin capital ligature IJ                         |
 * | U+0133  | ĳ     | ij          | Latin small ligature ij                           |
 * | U+0134  | Ĵ     | J           | Latin capital letter J with circumflex            |
 * | U+0135  | ĵ     | j           | Latin small letter j with circumflex              |
 * | U+0136  | Ķ     | K           | Latin capital letter K with cedilla               |
 * | U+0137  | ķ     | k           | Latin small letter k with cedilla                 |
 * | U+0138  | ĸ     | k           | Latin small letter Kra                            |
 * | U+0139  | Ĺ     | L           | Latin capital letter L with acute                 |
 * | U+013A  | ĺ     | l           | Latin small letter l with acute                   |
 * | U+013B  | Ļ     | L           | Latin capital letter L with cedilla               |
 * | U+013C  | ļ     | l           | Latin small letter l with cedilla                 |
 * | U+013D  | Ľ     | L           | Latin capital letter L with caron                 |
 * | U+013E  | ľ     | l           | Latin small letter l with caron                   |
 * | U+013F  | Ŀ     | L           | Latin capital letter L with middle dot            |
 * | U+0140  | ŀ     | l           | Latin small letter l with middle dot              |
 * | U+0141  | Ł     | L           | Latin capital letter L with stroke                |
 * | U+0142  | ł     | l           | Latin small letter l with stroke                  |
 * | U+0143  | Ń     | N           | Latin capital letter N with acute                 |
 * | U+0144  | ń     | n           | Latin small letter N with acute                   |
 * | U+0145  | Ņ     | N           | Latin capital letter N with cedilla               |
 * | U+0146  | ņ     | n           | Latin small letter n with cedilla                 |
 * | U+0147  | Ň     | N           | Latin capital letter N with caron                 |
 * | U+0148  | ň     | n           | Latin small letter n with caron                   |
 * | U+0149  | ŉ     | n           | Latin small letter n preceded by apostrophe       |
 * | U+014A  | Ŋ     | N           | Latin capital letter Eng                          |
 * | U+014B  | ŋ     | n           | Latin small letter Eng                            |
 * | U+014C  | Ō     | O           | Latin capital letter O with macron                |
 * | U+014D  | ō     | o           | Latin small letter o with macron                  |
 * | U+014E  | Ŏ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with breve                 |
 * | U+014F  | ŏ     | o           | Latin small letter o with breve                   |
 * | U+0150  | Ő     | O           | Latin capital letter O with double acute          |
 * | U+0151  | ő     | o           | Latin small letter o with double acute            |
 * | U+0152  | Œ     | OE          | Latin capital ligature OE                         |
 * | U+0153  | œ     | oe          | Latin small ligature oe                           |
 * | U+0154  | Ŕ     | R           | Latin capital letter R with acute                 |
 * | U+0155  | ŕ     | r           | Latin small letter r with acute                   |
 * | U+0156  | Ŗ     | R           | Latin capital letter R with cedilla               |
 * | U+0157  | ŗ     | r           | Latin small letter r with cedilla                 |
 * | U+0158  | Ř     | R           | Latin capital letter R with caron                 |
 * | U+0159  | ř     | r           | Latin small letter r with caron                   |
 * | U+015A  | Ś     | S           | Latin capital letter S with acute                 |
 * | U+015B  | ś     | s           | Latin small letter s with acute                   |
 * | U+015C  | Ŝ     | S           | Latin capital letter S with circumflex            |
 * | U+015D  | ŝ     | s           | Latin small letter s with circumflex              |
 * | U+015E  | Ş     | S           | Latin capital letter S with cedilla               |
 * | U+015F  | ş     | s           | Latin small letter s with cedilla                 |
 * | U+0160  | Š     | S           | Latin capital letter S with caron                 |
 * | U+0161  | š     | s           | Latin small letter s with caron                   |
 * | U+0162  | Ţ     | T           | Latin capital letter T with cedilla               |
 * | U+0163  | ţ     | t           | Latin small letter t with cedilla                 |
 * | U+0164  | Ť     | T           | Latin capital letter T with caron                 |
 * | U+0165  | ť     | t           | Latin small letter t with caron                   |
 * | U+0166  | Ŧ     | T           | Latin capital letter T with stroke                |
 * | U+0167  | ŧ     | t           | Latin small letter t with stroke                  |
 * | U+0168  | Ũ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with tilde                 |
 * | U+0169  | ũ     | u           | Latin small letter u with tilde                   |
 * | U+016A  | Ū     | U           | Latin capital letter U with macron                |
 * | U+016B  | ū     | u           | Latin small letter u with macron                  |
 * | U+016C  | Ŭ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with breve                 |
 * | U+016D  | ŭ     | u           | Latin small letter u with breve                   |
 * | U+016E  | Ů     | U           | Latin capital letter U with ring above            |
 * | U+016F  | ů     | u           | Latin small letter u with ring above              |
 * | U+0170  | Ű     | U           | Latin capital letter U with double acute          |
 * | U+0171  | ű     | u           | Latin small letter u with double acute            |
 * | U+0172  | Ų     | U           | Latin capital letter U with ogonek                |
 * | U+0173  | ų     | u           | Latin small letter u with ogonek                  |
 * | U+0174  | Ŵ     | W           | Latin capital letter W with circumflex            |
 * | U+0175  | ŵ     | w           | Latin small letter w with circumflex              |
 * | U+0176  | Ŷ     | Y           | Latin capital letter Y with circumflex            |
 * | U+0177  | ŷ     | y           | Latin small letter y with circumflex              |
 * | U+0178  | Ÿ     | Y           | Latin capital letter Y with diaeresis             |
 * | U+0179  | Ź     | Z           | Latin capital letter Z with acute                 |
 * | U+017A  | ź     | z           | Latin small letter z with acute                   |
 * | U+017B  | Ż     | Z           | Latin capital letter Z with dot above             |
 * | U+017C  | ż     | z           | Latin small letter z with dot above               |
 * | U+017D  | Ž     | Z           | Latin capital letter Z with caron                 |
 * | U+017E  | ž     | z           | Latin small letter z with caron                   |
 * | U+017F  | ſ     | s           | Latin small letter long s                         |
 * | U+01A0  | Ơ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with horn                  |
 * | U+01A1  | ơ     | o           | Latin small letter o with horn                    |
 * | U+01AF  | Ư     | U           | Latin capital letter U with horn                  |
 * | U+01B0  | ư     | u           | Latin small letter u with horn                    |
 * | U+01CD  | Ǎ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with caron                 |
 * | U+01CE  | ǎ     | a           | Latin small letter a with caron                   |
 * | U+01CF  | Ǐ     | I           | Latin capital letter I with caron                 |
 * | U+01D0  | ǐ     | i           | Latin small letter i with caron                   |
 * | U+01D1  | Ǒ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with caron                 |
 * | U+01D2  | ǒ     | o           | Latin small letter o with caron                   |
 * | U+01D3  | Ǔ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with caron                 |
 * | U+01D4  | ǔ     | u           | Latin small letter u with caron                   |
 * | U+01D5  | Ǖ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with diaeresis and macron  |
 * | U+01D6  | ǖ     | u           | Latin small letter u with diaeresis and macron    |
 * | U+01D7  | Ǘ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with diaeresis and acute   |
 * | U+01D8  | ǘ     | u           | Latin small letter u with diaeresis and acute     |
 * | U+01D9  | Ǚ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with diaeresis and caron   |
 * | U+01DA  | ǚ     | u           | Latin small letter u with diaeresis and caron     |
 * | U+01DB  | Ǜ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with diaeresis and grave   |
 * | U+01DC  | ǜ     | u           | Latin small letter u with diaeresis and grave     |
 *
 * Decompositions for Latin Extended-B:
 *
 * |   Code   | Glyph | Replacement |                Description                |
 * | -------- | ----- | ----------- | ----------------------------------------- |
 * | U+018F   | Ə     | E           | Latin capital letter Ə                    |
 * | U+0259   | ǝ     | e           | Latin small letter ǝ                      |
 * | U+0218   | Ș     | S           | Latin capital letter S with comma below   |
 * | U+0219   | ș     | s           | Latin small letter s with comma below     |
 * | U+021A   | Ț     | T           | Latin capital letter T with comma below   |
 * | U+021B   | ț     | t           | Latin small letter t with comma below     |
 *
 * Vowels with diacritic (Chinese, Hanyu Pinyin):
 *
 * |   Code   | Glyph | Replacement |                      Description                      |
 * | -------- | ----- | ----------- | ----------------------------------------------------- |
 * | U+0251   | ɑ     | a           | Latin small letter alpha                              |
 * | U+1EA0   | Ạ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with dot below                 |
 * | U+1EA1   | ạ     | a           | Latin small letter a with dot below                   |
 * | U+1EA2   | Ả     | A           | Latin capital letter A with hook above                |
 * | U+1EA3   | ả     | a           | Latin small letter a with hook above                  |
 * | U+1EA4   | Ấ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with circumflex and acute      |
 * | U+1EA5   | ấ     | a           | Latin small letter a with circumflex and acute        |
 * | U+1EA6   | Ầ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with circumflex and grave      |
 * | U+1EA7   | ầ     | a           | Latin small letter a with circumflex and grave        |
 * | U+1EA8   | Ẩ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with circumflex and hook above |
 * | U+1EA9   | ẩ     | a           | Latin small letter a with circumflex and hook above   |
 * | U+1EAA   | Ẫ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with circumflex and tilde      |
 * | U+1EAB   | ẫ     | a           | Latin small letter a with circumflex and tilde        |
 * | U+1EA6   | Ậ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with circumflex and dot below  |
 * | U+1EAD   | ậ     | a           | Latin small letter a with circumflex and dot below    |
 * | U+1EAE   | Ắ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with breve and acute           |
 * | U+1EAF   | ắ     | a           | Latin small letter a with breve and acute             |
 * | U+1EB0   | Ằ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with breve and grave           |
 * | U+1EB1   | ằ     | a           | Latin small letter a with breve and grave             |
 * | U+1EB2   | Ẳ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with breve and hook above      |
 * | U+1EB3   | ẳ     | a           | Latin small letter a with breve and hook above        |
 * | U+1EB4   | Ẵ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with breve and tilde           |
 * | U+1EB5   | ẵ     | a           | Latin small letter a with breve and tilde             |
 * | U+1EB6   | Ặ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with breve and dot below       |
 * | U+1EB7   | ặ     | a           | Latin small letter a with breve and dot below         |
 * | U+1EB8   | Ẹ     | E           | Latin capital letter E with dot below                 |
 * | U+1EB9   | ẹ     | e           | Latin small letter e with dot below                   |
 * | U+1EBA   | Ẻ     | E           | Latin capital letter E with hook above                |
 * | U+1EBB   | ẻ     | e           | Latin small letter e with hook above                  |
 * | U+1EBC   | Ẽ     | E           | Latin capital letter E with tilde                     |
 * | U+1EBD   | ẽ     | e           | Latin small letter e with tilde                       |
 * | U+1EBE   | Ế     | E           | Latin capital letter E with circumflex and acute      |
 * | U+1EBF   | ế     | e           | Latin small letter e with circumflex and acute        |
 * | U+1EC0   | Ề     | E           | Latin capital letter E with circumflex and grave      |
 * | U+1EC1   | ề     | e           | Latin small letter e with circumflex and grave        |
 * | U+1EC2   | Ể     | E           | Latin capital letter E with circumflex and hook above |
 * | U+1EC3   | ể     | e           | Latin small letter e with circumflex and hook above   |
 * | U+1EC4   | Ễ     | E           | Latin capital letter E with circumflex and tilde      |
 * | U+1EC5   | ễ     | e           | Latin small letter e with circumflex and tilde        |
 * | U+1EC6   | Ệ     | E           | Latin capital letter E with circumflex and dot below  |
 * | U+1EC7   | ệ     | e           | Latin small letter e with circumflex and dot below    |
 * | U+1EC8   | Ỉ     | I           | Latin capital letter I with hook above                |
 * | U+1EC9   | ỉ     | i           | Latin small letter i with hook above                  |
 * | U+1ECA   | Ị     | I           | Latin capital letter I with dot below                 |
 * | U+1ECB   | ị     | i           | Latin small letter i with dot below                   |
 * | U+1ECC   | Ọ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with dot below                 |
 * | U+1ECD   | ọ     | o           | Latin small letter o with dot below                   |
 * | U+1ECE   | Ỏ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with hook above                |
 * | U+1ECF   | ỏ     | o           | Latin small letter o with hook above                  |
 * | U+1ED0   | Ố     | O           | Latin capital letter O with circumflex and acute      |
 * | U+1ED1   | ố     | o           | Latin small letter o with circumflex and acute        |
 * | U+1ED2   | Ồ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with circumflex and grave      |
 * | U+1ED3   | ồ     | o           | Latin small letter o with circumflex and grave        |
 * | U+1ED4   | Ổ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with circumflex and hook above |
 * | U+1ED5   | ổ     | o           | Latin small letter o with circumflex and hook above   |
 * | U+1ED6   | Ỗ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with circumflex and tilde      |
 * | U+1ED7   | ỗ     | o           | Latin small letter o with circumflex and tilde        |
 * | U+1ED8   | Ộ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with circumflex and dot below  |
 * | U+1ED9   | ộ     | o           | Latin small letter o with circumflex and dot below    |
 * | U+1EDA   | Ớ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with horn and acute            |
 * | U+1EDB   | ớ     | o           | Latin small letter o with horn and acute              |
 * | U+1EDC   | Ờ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with horn and grave            |
 * | U+1EDD   | ờ     | o           | Latin small letter o with horn and grave              |
 * | U+1EDE   | Ở     | O           | Latin capital letter O with horn and hook above       |
 * | U+1EDF   | ở     | o           | Latin small letter o with horn and hook above         |
 * | U+1EE0   | Ỡ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with horn and tilde            |
 * | U+1EE1   | ỡ     | o           | Latin small letter o with horn and tilde              |
 * | U+1EE2   | Ợ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with horn and dot below        |
 * | U+1EE3   | ợ     | o           | Latin small letter o with horn and dot below          |
 * | U+1EE4   | Ụ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with dot below                 |
 * | U+1EE5   | ụ     | u           | Latin small letter u with dot below                   |
 * | U+1EE6   | Ủ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with hook above                |
 * | U+1EE7   | ủ     | u           | Latin small letter u with hook above                  |
 * | U+1EE8   | Ứ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with horn and acute            |
 * | U+1EE9   | ứ     | u           | Latin small letter u with horn and acute              |
 * | U+1EEA   | Ừ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with horn and grave            |
 * | U+1EEB   | ừ     | u           | Latin small letter u with horn and grave              |
 * | U+1EEC   | Ử     | U           | Latin capital letter U with horn and hook above       |
 * | U+1EED   | ử     | u           | Latin small letter u with horn and hook above         |
 * | U+1EEE   | Ữ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with horn and tilde            |
 * | U+1EEF   | ữ     | u           | Latin small letter u with horn and tilde              |
 * | U+1EF0   | Ự     | U           | Latin capital letter U with horn and dot below        |
 * | U+1EF1   | ự     | u           | Latin small letter u with horn and dot below          |
 * | U+1EF2   | Ỳ     | Y           | Latin capital letter Y with grave                     |
 * | U+1EF3   | ỳ     | y           | Latin small letter y with grave                       |
 * | U+1EF4   | Ỵ     | Y           | Latin capital letter Y with dot below                 |
 * | U+1EF5   | ỵ     | y           | Latin small letter y with dot below                   |
 * | U+1EF6   | Ỷ     | Y           | Latin capital letter Y with hook above                |
 * | U+1EF7   | ỷ     | y           | Latin small letter y with hook above                  |
 * | U+1EF8   | Ỹ     | Y           | Latin capital letter Y with tilde                     |
 * | U+1EF9   | ỹ     | y           | Latin small letter y with tilde                       |
 *
 * German (`de_DE`), German formal (`de_DE_formal`), German (Switzerland) formal (`de_CH`),
 * German (Switzerland) informal (`de_CH_informal`), and German (Austria) (`de_AT`) locales:
 *
 * |   Code   | Glyph | Replacement |               Description               |
 * | -------- | ----- | ----------- | --------------------------------------- |
 * | U+00C4   | Ä     | Ae          | Latin capital letter A with diaeresis   |
 * | U+00E4   | ä     | ae          | Latin small letter a with diaeresis     |
 * | U+00D6   | Ö     | Oe          | Latin capital letter O with diaeresis   |
 * | U+00F6   | ö     | oe          | Latin small letter o with diaeresis     |
 * | U+00DC   | Ü     | Ue          | Latin capital letter U with diaeresis   |
 * | U+00FC   | ü     | ue          | Latin small letter u with diaeresis     |
 * | U+1E9E   | ẞ     | SS          | Latin capital letter sharp s            |
 * | U+00DF   | ß     | ss          | Latin small letter sharp s              |
 *
 * Danish (`da_DK`) locale:
 *
 * |   Code   | Glyph | Replacement |               Description               |
 * | -------- | ----- | ----------- | --------------------------------------- |
 * | U+00C6   | Æ     | Ae          | Latin capital letter AE                 |
 * | U+00E6   | æ     | ae          | Latin small letter ae                   |
 * | U+00D8   | Ø     | Oe          | Latin capital letter O with stroke      |
 * | U+00F8   | ø     | oe          | Latin small letter o with stroke        |
 * | U+00C5   | Å     | Aa          | Latin capital letter A with ring above  |
 * | U+00E5   | å     | aa          | Latin small letter a with ring above    |
 *
 * Catalan (`ca`) locale:
 *
 * |   Code   | Glyph | Replacement |               Description               |
 * | -------- | ----- | ----------- | --------------------------------------- |
 * | U+00B7   | l·l   | ll          | Flown dot (between two Ls)              |
 *
 * Serbian (`sr_RS`) and Bosnian (`bs_BA`) locales:
 *
 * |   Code   | Glyph | Replacement |               Description               |
 * | -------- | ----- | ----------- | --------------------------------------- |
 * | U+0110   | Đ     | DJ          | Latin capital letter D with stroke      |
 * | U+0111   | đ     | dj          | Latin small letter d with stroke        |
 *
 * @since 1.2.1
 * @since 4.6.0 Added locale support for `de_CH`, `de_CH_informal`, and `ca`.
 * @since 4.7.0 Added locale support for `sr_RS`.
 * @since 4.8.0 Added locale support for `bs_BA`.
 * @since 5.7.0 Added locale support for `de_AT`.
 * @since 6.0.0 Added the `$locale` parameter.
 * @since 6.1.0 Added Unicode NFC encoding normalization support.
 * @since 7.0.0 Added capital Eszett (U+1E9E) support for German locales.
 *
 * @param string $text   Text that might have accent characters.
 * @param string $locale Optional. The locale to use for accent removal. Some character
 *                       replacements depend on the locale being used (e.g. 'de_DE').
 *                       Defaults to the current locale.
 * @return string Filtered string with replaced "nice" characters.
 */
function remove_accents( $text, $locale = '' ) {
	if ( ! preg_match( '/[\x80-\xff]/', $text ) ) {
		return $text;
	}

	if ( wp_is_valid_utf8( $text ) ) {

		/*
		 * Unicode sequence normalization from NFD (Normalization Form Decomposed)
		 * to NFC (Normalization Form [Pre]Composed), the encoding used in this function.
		 */
		if ( function_exists( 'normalizer_is_normalized' )
			&& function_exists( 'normalizer_normalize' )
		) {
			if ( ! normalizer_is_normalized( $text ) ) {
				$text = normalizer_normalize( $text );
			}
		}

		$chars = array(
			// Decompositions for Latin-1 Supplement.
			'ª' => 'a',
			'º' => 'o',
			'À' => 'A',
			'Á' => 'A',
			'Â' => 'A',
			'Ã' => 'A',
			'Ä' => 'A',
			'Å' => 'A',
			'Æ' => 'AE',
			'Ç' => 'C',
			'È' => 'E',
			'É' => 'E',
			'Ê' => 'E',
			'Ë' => 'E',
			'Ì' => 'I',
			'Í' => 'I',
			'Î' => 'I',
			'Ï' => 'I',
			'Ð' => 'D',
			'Ñ' => 'N',
			'Ò' => 'O',
			'Ó' => 'O',
			'Ô' => 'O',
			'Õ' => 'O',
			'Ö' => 'O',
			'Ù' => 'U',
			'Ú' => 'U',
			'Û' => 'U',
			'Ü' => 'U',
			'Ý' => 'Y',
			'Þ' => 'TH',
			'ß' => 's',
			'à' => 'a',
			'á' => 'a',
			'â' => 'a',
			'ã' => 'a',
			'ä' => 'a',
			'å' => 'a',
			'æ' => 'ae',
			'ç' => 'c',
			'è' => 'e',
			'é' => 'e',
			'ê' => 'e',
			'ë' => 'e',
			'ì' => 'i',
			'í' => 'i',
			'î' => 'i',
			'ï' => 'i',
			'ð' => 'd',
			'ñ' => 'n',
			'ò' => 'o',
			'ó' => 'o',
			'ô' => 'o',
			'õ' => 'o',
			'ö' => 'o',
			'ø' => 'o',
			'ù' => 'u',
			'ú' => 'u',
			'û' => 'u',
			'ü' => 'u',
			'ý' => 'y',
			'þ' => 'th',
			'ÿ' => 'y',
			'Ø' => 'O',
			// Decompositions for Latin Extended-A.
			'Ā' => 'A',
			'ā' => 'a',
			'Ă' => 'A',
			'ă' => 'a',
			'Ą' => 'A',
			'ą' => 'a',
			'Ć' => 'C',
			'ć' => 'c',
			'Ĉ' => 'C',
			'ĉ' => 'c',
			'Ċ' => 'C',
			'ċ' => 'c',
			'Č' => 'C',
			'č' => 'c',
			'Ď' => 'D',
			'ď' => 'd',
			'Đ' => 'D',
			'đ' => 'd',
			'Ē' => 'E',
			'ē' => 'e',
			'Ĕ' => 'E',
			'ĕ' => 'e',
			'Ė' => 'E',
			'ė' => 'e',
			'Ę' => 'E',
			'ę' => 'e',
			'Ě' => 'E',
			'ě' => 'e',
			'Ĝ' => 'G',
			'ĝ' => 'g',
			'Ğ' => 'G',
			'ğ' => 'g',
			'Ġ' => 'G',
			'ġ' => 'g',
			'Ģ' => 'G',
			'ģ' => 'g',
			'Ĥ' => 'H',
			'ĥ' => 'h',
			'Ħ' => 'H',
			'ħ' => 'h',
			'Ĩ' => 'I',
			'ĩ' => 'i',
			'Ī' => 'I',
			'ī' => 'i',
			'Ĭ' => 'I',
			'ĭ' => 'i',
			'Į' => 'I',
			'į' => 'i',
			'İ' => 'I',
			'ı' => 'i',
			'Ĳ' => 'IJ',
			'ĳ' => 'ij',
			'Ĵ' => 'J',
			'ĵ' => 'j',
			'Ķ' => 'K',
			'ķ' => 'k',
			'ĸ' => 'k',
			'Ĺ' => 'L',
			'ĺ' => 'l',
			'Ļ' => 'L',
			'ļ' => 'l',
			'Ľ' => 'L',
			'ľ' => 'l',
			'Ŀ' => 'L',
			'ŀ' => 'l',
			'Ł' => 'L',
			'ł' => 'l',
			'Ń' => 'N',
			'ń' => 'n',
			'Ņ' => 'N',
			'ņ' => 'n',
			'Ň' => 'N',
			'ň' => 'n',
			'ŉ' => 'n',
			'Ŋ' => 'N',
			'ŋ' => 'n',
			'Ō' => 'O',
			'ō' => 'o',
			'Ŏ' => 'O',
			'ŏ' => 'o',
			'Ő' => 'O',
			'ő' => 'o',
			'Œ' => 'OE',
			'œ' => 'oe',
			'Ŕ' => 'R',
			'ŕ' => 'r',
			'Ŗ' => 'R',
			'ŗ' => 'r',
			'Ř' => 'R',
			'ř' => 'r',
			'Ś' => 'S',
			'ś' => 's',
			'Ŝ' => 'S',
			'ŝ' => 's',
			'Ş' => 'S',
			'ş' => 's',
			'Š' => 'S',
			'š' => 's',
			'Ţ' => 'T',
			'ţ' => 't',
			'Ť' => 'T',
			'ť' => 't',
			'Ŧ' => 'T',
			'ŧ' => 't',
			'Ũ' => 'U',
			'ũ' => 'u',
			'Ū' => 'U',
			'ū' => 'u',
			'Ŭ' => 'U',
			'ŭ' => 'u',
			'Ů' => 'U',
			'ů' => 'u',
			'Ű' => 'U',
			'ű' => 'u',
			'Ų' => 'U',
			'ų' => 'u',
			'Ŵ' => 'W',
			'ŵ' => 'w',
			'Ŷ' => 'Y',
			'ŷ' => 'y',
			'Ÿ' => 'Y',
			'Ź' => 'Z',
			'ź' => 'z',
			'Ż' => 'Z',
			'ż' => 'z',
			'Ž' => 'Z',
			'ž' => 'z',
			'ſ' => 's',
			// Decompositions for Latin Extended-B.
			'Ə' => 'E',
			'ǝ' => 'e',
			'Ș' => 'S',
			'ș' => 's',
			'Ț' => 'T',
			'ț' => 't',
			// Euro sign.
			'€' => 'E',
			// GBP (Pound) sign.
			'£' => '',
			// Vowels with diacritic (Vietnamese). Unmarked.
			'Ơ' => 'O',
			'ơ' => 'o',
			'Ư' => 'U',
			'ư' => 'u',
			// Grave accent.
			'Ầ' => 'A',
			'ầ' => 'a',
			'Ằ' => 'A',
			'ằ' => 'a',
			'Ề' => 'E',
			'ề' => 'e',
			'Ồ' => 'O',
			'ồ' => 'o',
			'Ờ' => 'O',
			'ờ' => 'o',
			'Ừ' => 'U',
			'ừ' => 'u',
			'Ỳ' => 'Y',
			'ỳ' => 'y',
			// Hook.
			'Ả' => 'A',
			'ả' => 'a',
			'Ẩ' => 'A',
			'ẩ' => 'a',
			'Ẳ' => 'A',
			'ẳ' => 'a',
			'Ẻ' => 'E',
			'ẻ' => 'e',
			'Ể' => 'E',
			'ể' => 'e',
			'Ỉ' => 'I',
			'ỉ' => 'i',
			'Ỏ' => 'O',
			'ỏ' => 'o',
			'Ổ' => 'O',
			'ổ' => 'o',
			'Ở' => 'O',
			'ở' => 'o',
			'Ủ' => 'U',
			'ủ' => 'u',
			'Ử' => 'U',
			'ử' => 'u',
			'Ỷ' => 'Y',
			'ỷ' => 'y',
			// Tilde.
			'Ẫ' => 'A',
			'ẫ' => 'a',
			'Ẵ' => 'A',
			'ẵ' => 'a',
			'Ẽ' => 'E',
			'ẽ' => 'e',
			'Ễ' => 'E',
			'ễ' => 'e',
			'Ỗ' => 'O',
			'ỗ' => 'o',
			'Ỡ' => 'O',
			'ỡ' => 'o',
			'Ữ' => 'U',
			'ữ' => 'u',
			'Ỹ' => 'Y',
			'ỹ' => 'y',
			// Acute accent.
			'Ấ' => 'A',
			'ấ' => 'a',
			'Ắ' => 'A',
			'ắ' => 'a',
			'Ế' => 'E',
			'ế' => 'e',
			'Ố' => 'O',
			'ố' => 'o',
			'Ớ' => 'O',
			'ớ' => 'o',
			'Ứ' => 'U',
			'ứ' => 'u',
			// Dot below.
			'Ạ' => 'A',
			'ạ' => 'a',
			'Ậ' => 'A',
			'ậ' => 'a',
			'Ặ' => 'A',
			'ặ' => 'a',
			'Ẹ' => 'E',
			'ẹ' => 'e',
			'Ệ' => 'E',
			'ệ' => 'e',
			'Ị' => 'I',
			'ị' => 'i',
			'Ọ' => 'O',
			'ọ' => 'o',
			'Ộ' => 'O',
			'ộ' => 'o',
			'Ợ' => 'O',
			'ợ' => 'o',
			'Ụ' => 'U',
			'ụ' => 'u',
			'Ự' => 'U',
			'ự' => 'u',
			'Ỵ' => 'Y',
			'ỵ' => 'y',
			// Vowels with diacritic (Chinese, Hanyu Pinyin).
			'ɑ' => 'a',
			// Macron.
			'Ǖ' => 'U',
			'ǖ' => 'u',
			// Acute accent.
			'Ǘ' => 'U',
			'ǘ' => 'u',
			// Caron.
			'Ǎ' => 'A',
			'ǎ' => 'a',
			'Ǐ' => 'I',
			'ǐ' => 'i',
			'Ǒ' => 'O',
			'ǒ' => 'o',
			'Ǔ' => 'U',
			'ǔ' => 'u',
			'Ǚ' => 'U',
			'ǚ' => 'u',
			// Grave accent.
			'Ǜ' => 'U',
			'ǜ' => 'u',
		);

		// Used for locale-specific rules.
		if ( empty( $locale ) ) {
			$locale = get_locale();
		}

		/*
		 * German has various locales (de_DE, de_CH, de_AT, ...) with formal and informal variants.
		 * There is no 3-letter locale like 'def', so checking for 'de' instead of 'de_' is safe,
		 * since 'de' itself would be a valid locale too.
		 */
		if ( str_starts_with( $locale, 'de' ) ) {
			$chars['Ä'] = 'Ae';
			$chars['ä'] = 'ae';
			$chars['Ö'] = 'Oe';
			$chars['ö'] = 'oe';
			$chars['Ü'] = 'Ue';
			$chars['ü'] = 'ue';
			$chars['ẞ'] = 'SS';
			$chars['ß'] = 'ss';
		} elseif ( 'da_DK' === $locale ) {
			$chars['Æ'] = 'Ae';
			$chars['æ'] = 'ae';
			$chars['Ø'] = 'Oe';
			$chars['ø'] = 'oe';
			$chars['Å'] = 'Aa';
			$chars['å'] = 'aa';
		} elseif ( 'ca' === $locale ) {
			$chars['l·l'] = 'll';
		} elseif ( 'sr_RS' === $locale || 'bs_BA' === $locale ) {
			$chars['Đ'] = 'DJ';
			$chars['đ'] = 'dj';
		}

		$text = strtr( $text, $chars );
	} else {
		$chars = array();
		// Assume ISO-8859-1 if not UTF-8.
		$chars['in'] = "\x80\x83\x8a\x8e\x9a\x9e"
			. "\x9f\xa2\xa5\xb5\xc0\xc1\xc2"
			. "\xc3\xc4\xc5\xc7\xc8\xc9\xca"
			. "\xcb\xcc\xcd\xce\xcf\xd1\xd2"
			. "\xd3\xd4\xd5\xd6\xd8\xd9\xda"
			. "\xdb\xdc\xdd\xe0\xe1\xe2\xe3"
			. "\xe4\xe5\xe7\xe8\xe9\xea\xeb"
			. "\xec\xed\xee\xef\xf1\xf2\xf3"
			. "\xf4\xf5\xf6\xf8\xf9\xfa\xfb"
			. "\xfc\xfd\xff";

		$chars['out'] = 'EfSZszYcYuAAAAAACEEEEIIIINOOOOOOUUUUYaaaaaaceeeeiiiinoooooouuuuyy';

		$text                = strtr( $text, $chars['in'], $chars['out'] );
		$double_chars        = array();
		$double_chars['in']  = array( "\x8c", "\x9c", "\xc6", "\xd0", "\xde", "\xdf", "\xe6", "\xf0", "\xfe" );
		$double_chars['out'] = array( 'OE', 'oe', 'AE', 'DH', 'TH', 'ss', 'ae', 'dh', 'th' );
		$text                = str_replace( $double_chars['in'], $double_chars['out'], $text );
	}

	return $text;
}

/**
 * Sanitizes a filename, replacing whitespace with dashes.
 *
 * Removes special characters that are illegal in filenames on certain
 * operating systems and special characters requiring special escaping
 * to manipulate at the command line. Replaces spaces and consecutive
 * dashes with a single dash. Trims period, dash and underscore from beginning
 * and end of filename. It is not guaranteed that this function will return a
 * filename that is allowed to be uploaded.
 *
 * @since 2.1.0
 *
 * @param string $filename The filename to be sanitized.
 * @return string The sanitized filename.
 */
function sanitize_file_name( $filename ) {
	$filename_raw = $filename;
	$filename     = remove_accents( $filename );

	$special_chars = array( '?', '[', ']', '/', '\\', '=', '<', '>', ':', ';', ',', "'", '"', '&', '$', '#', '*', '(', ')', '|', '~', '`', '!', '{', '}', '%', '+', '’', '«', '»', '”', '“', chr( 0 ) );

	if ( ! wp_is_valid_utf8( $filename ) ) {
		$_ext     = pathinfo( $filename, PATHINFO_EXTENSION );
		$_name    = pathinfo( $filename, PATHINFO_FILENAME );
		$filename = sanitize_title_with_dashes( $_name ) . '.' . $_ext;
	}

	if ( _wp_can_use_pcre_u() ) {
		/**
		 * Replace all whitespace characters with a basic space (U+0020).
		 *
		 * The “Zs” in the pattern selects characters in the `Space_Separator`
		 * category, which is what Unicode considers space characters.
		 *
		 * @see https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/#General_Category_Values
		 * @see https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode16.0.0/core-spec/chapter-6/#G17548
		 * @see https://www.php.net/manual/en/regexp.reference.unicode.php
		 */
		$filename = preg_replace( '#\p{Zs}#siu', ' ', $filename );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the list of characters to remove from a filename.
	 *
	 * @since 2.8.0
	 *
	 * @param string[] $special_chars Array of characters to remove.
	 * @param string   $filename_raw  The original filename to be sanitized.
	 */
	$special_chars = apply_filters( 'sanitize_file_name_chars', $special_chars, $filename_raw );

	$filename = str_replace( $special_chars, '', $filename );
	$filename = str_replace( array( '%20', '+' ), '-', $filename );
	$filename = preg_replace( '/\.{2,}/', '.', $filename );
	$filename = preg_replace( '/[\r\n\t -]+/', '-', $filename );
	$filename = trim( $filename, '.-_' );

	if ( ! str_contains( $filename, '.' ) ) {
		$mime_types = wp_get_mime_types();
		$filetype   = wp_check_filetype( 'test.' . $filename, $mime_types );
		if ( $filetype['ext'] === $filename ) {
			$filename = 'unnamed-file.' . $filetype['ext'];
		}
	}

	// Split the filename into a base and extension[s].
	$parts = explode( '.', $filename );

	// Return if only one extension.
	if ( count( $parts ) <= 2 ) {
		/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/formatting.php */
		return apply_filters( 'sanitize_file_name', $filename, $filename_raw );
	}

	// Process multiple extensions.
	$filename  = array_shift( $parts );
	$extension = array_pop( $parts );
	$mimes     = get_allowed_mime_types();

	/*
	 * Loop over any intermediate extensions. Postfix them with a trailing underscore
	 * if they are a 2 - 5 character long alpha string not in the allowed extension list.
	 */
	foreach ( (array) $parts as $part ) {
		$filename .= '.' . $part;

		if ( preg_match( '/^[a-zA-Z]{2,5}\d?$/', $part ) ) {
			$allowed = false;
			foreach ( $mimes as $ext_preg => $mime_match ) {
				$ext_preg = '!^(' . $ext_preg . ')$!i';
				if ( preg_match( $ext_preg, $part ) ) {
					$allowed = true;
					break;
				}
			}
			if ( ! $allowed ) {
				$filename .= '_';
			}
		}
	}

	$filename .= '.' . $extension;

	/**
	 * Filters a sanitized filename string.
	 *
	 * @since 2.8.0
	 *
	 * @param string $filename     Sanitized filename.
	 * @param string $filename_raw The filename prior to sanitization.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'sanitize_file_name', $filename, $filename_raw );
}

/**
 * Sanitizes a username, stripping out unsafe characters.
 *
 * Removes tags, percent-encoded characters, HTML entities, and if strict is enabled,
 * will only keep alphanumeric, _, space, ., -, @. After sanitizing, it passes the username,
 * raw username (the username in the parameter), and the value of $strict as parameters
 * for the {@see 'sanitize_user'} filter.
 *
 * @since 2.0.0
 *
 * @param string $username The username to be sanitized.
 * @param bool   $strict   Optional. If set to true, limits $username to specific characters.
 *                         Default false.
 * @return string The sanitized username, after passing through filters.
 */
function sanitize_user( $username, $strict = false ) {
	$raw_username = $username;
	$username     = wp_strip_all_tags( $username );
	$username     = remove_accents( $username );
	// Remove percent-encoded characters.
	$username = preg_replace( '|%([a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])|', '', $username );
	// Remove HTML entities.
	$username = preg_replace( '/&.+?;/', '', $username );

	// If strict, reduce to ASCII for max portability.
	if ( $strict ) {
		$username = preg_replace( '|[^a-z0-9 _.\-@]|i', '', $username );
	}

	$username = trim( $username );
	// Consolidate contiguous whitespace.
	$username = preg_replace( '|\s+|', ' ', $username );

	/**
	 * Filters a sanitized username string.
	 *
	 * @since 2.0.1
	 *
	 * @param string $username     Sanitized username.
	 * @param string $raw_username The username prior to sanitization.
	 * @param bool   $strict       Whether to limit the sanitization to specific characters.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'sanitize_user', $username, $raw_username, $strict );
}

/**
 * Sanitizes a string key.
 *
 * Keys are used as internal identifiers. Lowercase alphanumeric characters,
 * dashes, and underscores are allowed.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 *
 * @param string $key String key.
 * @return string Sanitized key.
 * @phpstan-return lowercase-string
 */
function sanitize_key( $key ) {
	$sanitized_key = '';

	if ( is_scalar( $key ) ) {
		$sanitized_key = strtolower( $key );
		$sanitized_key = preg_replace( '/[^a-z0-9_\-]/', '', $sanitized_key );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters a sanitized key string.
	 *
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 *
	 * @param string $sanitized_key Sanitized key.
	 * @param string $key           The key prior to sanitization.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'sanitize_key', $sanitized_key, $key );
}

/**
 * Sanitizes a string into a slug, which can be used in URLs or HTML attributes.
 *
 * By default, converts accent characters to ASCII characters and further
 * limits the output to alphanumeric characters, underscore (_) and dash (-)
 * through the {@see 'sanitize_title'} filter.
 *
 * If `$title` is empty and `$fallback_title` is set, the latter will be used.
 *
 * @since 1.0.0
 *
 * @param string $title          The string to be sanitized.
 * @param string $fallback_title Optional. A title to use if $title is empty. Default empty.
 * @param string $context        Optional. The operation for which the string is sanitized.
 *                               When set to 'save', the string runs through remove_accents().
 *                               Default 'save'.
 * @return string The sanitized string.
 */
function sanitize_title( $title, $fallback_title = '', $context = 'save' ) {
	$raw_title = $title;

	if ( 'save' === $context ) {
		$title = remove_accents( $title );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters a sanitized title string.
	 *
	 * @since 1.2.0
	 *
	 * @param string $title     Sanitized title.
	 * @param string $raw_title The title prior to sanitization.
	 * @param string $context   The context for which the title is being sanitized.
	 */
	$title = apply_filters( 'sanitize_title', $title, $raw_title, $context );

	if ( '' === $title || false === $title ) {
		$title = $fallback_title;
	}

	return $title;
}

/**
 * Sanitizes a title with the 'query' context.
 *
 * Used for querying the database for a value from URL.
 *
 * @since 3.1.0
 *
 * @param string $title The string to be sanitized.
 * @return string The sanitized string.
 */
function sanitize_title_for_query( $title ) {
	return sanitize_title( $title, '', 'query' );
}

/**
 * Sanitizes a title, replacing whitespace and a few other characters with dashes.
 *
 * Limits the output to alphanumeric characters, underscore (_) and dash (-).
 * Whitespace becomes a dash.
 *
 * @since 1.2.0
 *
 * @param string $title     The title to be sanitized.
 * @param string $raw_title Optional. Not used. Default empty.
 * @param string $context   Optional. The operation for which the string is sanitized.
 *                          When set to 'save', additional entities are converted to hyphens
 *                          or stripped entirely. Default 'display'.
 * @return string The sanitized title.
 */
function sanitize_title_with_dashes( $title, $raw_title = '', $context = 'display' ) {
	$title = strip_tags( $title );
	// Preserve escaped octets.
	$title = preg_replace( '|%([a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])|', '---$1---', $title );
	// Remove percent signs that are not part of an octet.
	$title = str_replace( '%', '', $title );
	// Restore octets.
	$title = preg_replace( '|---([a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])---|', '%$1', $title );

	if ( wp_is_valid_utf8( $title ) ) {
		if ( function_exists( 'mb_strtolower' ) ) {
			$title = mb_strtolower( $title, 'UTF-8' );
		}
		$title = utf8_uri_encode( $title, 200 );
	}

	$title = strtolower( $title );

	if ( 'save' === $context ) {
		// Convert  , non-breaking hyphen, &ndash, and &mdash to hyphens.
		$title = str_replace( array( '%c2%a0', '%e2%80%91', '%e2%80%93', '%e2%80%94' ), '-', $title );
		// Convert  , non-breaking hyphen, &ndash, and &mdash HTML entities to hyphens.
		$title = str_replace( array( ' ', '‑', ' ', '–', '–', '—', '—' ), '-', $title );
		// Convert forward slash to hyphen.
		$title = str_replace( '/', '-', $title );

		// Strip these characters entirely.
		$title = str_replace(
			array(
				// Soft hyphens.
				'%c2%ad',
				// ¡ and ¿.
				'%c2%a1',
				'%c2%bf',
				// Angle quotes.
				'%c2%ab',
				'%c2%bb',
				'%e2%80%b9',
				'%e2%80%ba',
				// Curly quotes.
				'%e2%80%98',
				'%e2%80%99',
				'%e2%80%9c',
				'%e2%80%9d',
				'%e2%80%9a',
				'%e2%80%9b',
				'%e2%80%9e',
				'%e2%80%9f',
				// Bullet.
				'%e2%80%a2',
				// ©, ®, °, &hellip, and &trade.
				'%c2%a9',
				'%c2%ae',
				'%c2%b0',
				'%e2%80%a6',
				'%e2%84%a2',
				// Acute accents.
				'%c2%b4',
				'%cb%8a',
				'%cc%81',
				'%cd%81',
				// Grave accent, macron, caron.
				'%cc%80',
				'%cc%84',
				'%cc%8c',
				// Non-visible characters that display without a width.
				'%e2%80%8b', // Zero width space.
				'%e2%80%8c', // Zero width non-joiner.
				'%e2%80%8d', // Zero width joiner.
				'%e2%80%8e', // Left-to-right mark.
				'%e2%80%8f', // Right-to-left mark.
				'%e2%80%aa', // Left-to-right embedding.
				'%e2%80%ab', // Right-to-left embedding.
				'%e2%80%ac', // Pop directional formatting.
				'%e2%80%ad', // Left-to-right override.
				'%e2%80%ae', // Right-to-left override.
				'%ef%bb%bf', // Byte order mark.
				'%ef%bf%bc', // Object replacement character.
			),
			'',
			$title
		);

		// Convert non-visible characters that display with a width to hyphen.
		$title = str_replace(
			array(
				'%e2%80%80', // En quad.
				'%e2%80%81', // Em quad.
				'%e2%80%82', // En space.
				'%e2%80%83', // Em space.
				'%e2%80%84', // Three-per-em space.
				'%e2%80%85', // Four-per-em space.
				'%e2%80%86', // Six-per-em space.
				'%e2%80%87', // Figure space.
				'%e2%80%88', // Punctuation space.
				'%e2%80%89', // Thin space.
				'%e2%80%8a', // Hair space.
				'%e2%80%a8', // Line separator.
				'%e2%80%a9', // Paragraph separator.
				'%e2%80%af', // Narrow no-break space.
			),
			'-',
			$title
		);

		// Convert × to 'x'.
		$title = str_replace( '%c3%97', 'x', $title );
	}

	// Remove HTML entities.
	$title = preg_replace( '/&.+?;/', '', $title );
	$title = str_replace( '.', '-', $title );

	$title = preg_replace( '/[^%a-z0-9 _-]/', '', $title );
	$title = preg_replace( '/\s+/', '-', $title );
	$title = preg_replace( '|-+|', '-', $title );
	$title = trim( $title, '-' );

	return $title;
}

/**
 * Ensures a string is a valid SQL 'order by' clause.
 *
 * Accepts one or more columns, with or without a sort order (ASC / DESC).
 * e.g. 'column_1', 'column_1, column_2', 'column_1 ASC, column_2 DESC' etc.
 *
 * Also accepts 'RAND()'.
 *
 * @since 2.5.1
 *
 * @param string $orderby Order by clause to be validated.
 * @return string|false Returns $orderby if valid, false otherwise.
 */
function sanitize_sql_orderby( $orderby ) {
	if ( preg_match( '/^\s*(([a-z0-9_]+|`[a-z0-9_]+`)(\s+(ASC|DESC))?\s*(,\s*(?=[a-z0-9_`])|$))+$/i', $orderby ) || preg_match( '/^\s*RAND\(\s*\)\s*$/i', $orderby ) ) {
		return $orderby;
	}
	return false;
}

/**
 * Sanitizes an HTML classname to ensure it only contains valid characters.
 *
 * Strips the string down to A-Z,a-z,0-9,_,-. If this results in an empty
 * string then it will return the alternative value supplied.
 *
 * @todo Expand to support the full range of CDATA that a class attribute can contain.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 *
 * @param string $classname The classname to be sanitized.
 * @param string $fallback  Optional. The value to return if the sanitization ends up as an empty string.
 *                          Default empty string.
 * @return string The sanitized value.
 */
function sanitize_html_class( $classname, $fallback = '' ) {
	// Strip out any percent-encoded characters.
	$sanitized = preg_replace( '|%[a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9]|', '', $classname );

	// Limit to A-Z, a-z, 0-9, '_', '-'.
	$sanitized = preg_replace( '/[^A-Za-z0-9_-]/', '', $sanitized );

	if ( '' === $sanitized && $fallback ) {
		return sanitize_html_class( $fallback );
	}
	/**
	 * Filters a sanitized HTML class string.
	 *
	 * @since 2.8.0
	 *
	 * @param string $sanitized The sanitized HTML class.
	 * @param string $classname HTML class before sanitization.
	 * @param string $fallback  The fallback string.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'sanitize_html_class', $sanitized, $classname, $fallback );
}

/**
 * Strips out all characters not allowed in a locale name.
 *
 * @since 6.2.1
 *
 * @param string $locale_name The locale name to be sanitized.
 * @return string The sanitized value.
 */
function sanitize_locale_name( $locale_name ) {
	// Limit to A-Z, a-z, 0-9, '_', '-'.
	$sanitized = preg_replace( '/[^A-Za-z0-9_-]/', '', $locale_name );

	/**
	 * Filters a sanitized locale name string.
	 *
	 * @since 6.2.1
	 *
	 * @param string $sanitized   The sanitized locale name.
	 * @param string $locale_name The locale name before sanitization.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'sanitize_locale_name', $sanitized, $locale_name );
}

/**
 * Converts lone & characters into `&` (a.k.a. `&`)
 *
 * @since 0.71
 *
 * @param string $content    String of characters to be converted.
 * @param string $deprecated Not used.
 * @return string Converted string.
 */
function convert_chars( $content, $deprecated = '' ) {
	if ( ! empty( $deprecated ) ) {
		_deprecated_argument( __FUNCTION__, '0.71' );
	}

	if ( str_contains( $content, '&' ) ) {
		$content = preg_replace( '/&([^#])(?![a-z1-4]{1,8};)/i', '&$1', $content );
	}

	return $content;
}

/**
 * Converts invalid Unicode references range to valid range.
 *
 * @since 4.3.0
 *
 * @param string $content String with entities that need converting.
 * @return string Converted string.
 */
function convert_invalid_entities( $content ) {
	$wp_htmltranswinuni = array(
		'€' => '€', // The Euro sign.
		'' => '',
		'‚' => '‚', // These are Windows CP1252 specific characters.
		'ƒ' => 'ƒ',  // They would look weird on non-Windows browsers.
		'„' => '„',
		'…' => '…',
		'†' => '†',
		'‡' => '‡',
		'ˆ' => 'ˆ',
		'‰' => '‰',
		'Š' => 'Š',
		'‹' => '‹',
		'Œ' => 'Œ',
		'' => '',
		'Ž' => 'Ž',
		'' => '',
		'' => '',
		'‘' => '‘',
		'’' => '’',
		'“' => '“',
		'”' => '”',
		'•' => '•',
		'–' => '–',
		'—' => '—',
		'˜' => '˜',
		'™' => '™',
		'š' => 'š',
		'›' => '›',
		'œ' => 'œ',
		'' => '',
		'ž' => 'ž',
		'Ÿ' => 'Ÿ',
	);

	if ( str_contains( $content, '' ) ) {
		$content = strtr( $content, $wp_htmltranswinuni );
	}

	return $content;
}

/**
 * Balances tags if forced to, or if the 'use_balanceTags' option is set to true.
 *
 * @since 0.71
 *
 * @param string $text  Text to be balanced.
 * @param bool   $force If true, forces balancing, ignoring the value of the option. Default false.
 * @return string Balanced text.
 */
function balanceTags( $text, $force = false ) {  // phpcs:ignore WordPress.NamingConventions.ValidFunctionName.FunctionNameInvalid
	if ( $force || 1 === (int) get_option( 'use_balanceTags' ) ) {
		return force_balance_tags( $text );
	} else {
		return $text;
	}
}

/**
 * Balances tags of string using a modified stack.
 *
 * {@internal Modified by Scott Reilly (coffee2code) 02 Aug 2004
 *      1.1  Fixed handling of append/stack pop order of end text
 *           Added Cleaning Hooks
 *      1.0  First Version}
 *
 * @since 2.0.4
 * @since 5.3.0 Improve accuracy and add support for custom element tags.
 *
 * @author Leonard Lin 
 * @license GPL
 * @copyright November 4, 2001
 * @version 1.1
 * @todo Make better - change loop condition to $text in 1.2
 *
 * @param string $text Text to be balanced.
 * @return string Balanced text.
 */
function force_balance_tags( $text ) {
	$tagstack  = array();
	$stacksize = 0;
	$tagqueue  = '';
	$newtext   = '';
	// Known single-entity/self-closing tags.
	$single_tags = array( 'area', 'base', 'basefont', 'br', 'col', 'command', 'embed', 'frame', 'hr', 'img', 'input', 'isindex', 'link', 'meta', 'param', 'source', 'track', 'wbr' );
	// Tags that can be immediately nested within themselves.
	$nestable_tags = array( 'article', 'aside', 'blockquote', 'details', 'div', 'figure', 'object', 'q', 'section', 'span' );

	// WP bug fix for comments - in case you REALLY meant to type '< !--'.
	$text = str_replace( '< !--', '<    !--', $text );
	// WP bug fix for LOVE <3 (and other situations with '<' before a number).
	$text = preg_replace( '#<([0-9]{1})#', '<$1', $text );

	/**
	 * Matches supported tags.
	 *
	 * To get the pattern as a string without the comments paste into a PHP
	 * REPL like `php -a`.
	 *
	 * @see https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#elements-2
	 * @see https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/custom-elements.html#valid-custom-element-name
	 *
	 * @example
	 * ~# php -a
	 * php > $s = [paste copied contents of expression below including parentheses];
	 * php > echo $s;
	 */
	$tag_pattern = (
		'#<' . // Start with an opening bracket.
		'(/?)' . // Group 1 - If it's a closing tag it'll have a leading slash.
		'(' . // Group 2 - Tag name.
			// Custom element tags have more lenient rules than HTML tag names.
			'(?:[a-z](?:[a-z0-9._]*)-(?:[a-z0-9._-]+)+)' .
				'|' .
			// Traditional tag rules approximate HTML tag names.
			'(?:[\w:]+)' .
		')' .
		'(?:' .
			// We either immediately close the tag with its '>' and have nothing here.
			'\s*' .
			'(/?)' . // Group 3 - "attributes" for empty tag.
				'|' .
			// Or we must start with space characters to separate the tag name from the attributes (or whitespace).
			'(\s+)' . // Group 4 - Pre-attribute whitespace.
			'([^>]*)' . // Group 5 - Attributes.
		')' .
		'>#' // End with a closing bracket.
	);

	while ( preg_match( $tag_pattern, $text, $regex ) ) {
		$full_match        = $regex[0];
		$has_leading_slash = ! empty( $regex[1] );
		$tag_name          = $regex[2];
		$tag               = strtolower( $tag_name );
		$is_single_tag     = in_array( $tag, $single_tags, true );
		$pre_attribute_ws  = $regex[4] ?? '';
		$attributes        = trim( $regex[5] ?? $regex[3] );
		$has_self_closer   = str_ends_with( $attributes, '/' );

		$newtext .= $tagqueue;

		$i = strpos( $text, $full_match );
		$l = strlen( $full_match );

		// Clear the shifter.
		$tagqueue = '';
		if ( $has_leading_slash ) { // End tag.
			// If too many closing tags.
			if ( $stacksize <= 0 ) {
				$tag = '';
				// Or close to be safe $tag = '/' . $tag.

				// If stacktop value = tag close value, then pop.
			} elseif ( $tagstack[ $stacksize - 1 ] === $tag ) { // Found closing tag.
				$tag = ''; // Close tag.
				array_pop( $tagstack );
				--$stacksize;
			} else { // Closing tag not at top, search for it.
				for ( $j = $stacksize - 1; $j >= 0; $j-- ) {
					if ( $tagstack[ $j ] === $tag ) {
						// Add tag to tagqueue.
						for ( $k = $stacksize - 1; $k >= $j; $k-- ) {
							$tagqueue .= '';
							--$stacksize;
						}
						break;
					}
				}
				$tag = '';
			}
		} else { // Begin tag.
			if ( $has_self_closer ) {
				/*
				 * If it presents itself as a self-closing tag, but it isn't a known single-entity self-closing tag,
				 * then don't let it be treated as such and immediately close it with a closing tag.
				 * The tag will encapsulate no text as a result.
				 */
				if ( ! $is_single_tag ) {
					$attributes = trim( substr( $attributes, 0, -1 ) ) . "> 0 && ! in_array( $tag, $nestable_tags, true ) && $tagstack[ $stacksize - 1 ] === $tag ) {
					$tagqueue = '';
					--$stacksize;
				}
				$stacksize = array_push( $tagstack, $tag );
			}

			// Attributes.
			if ( $has_self_closer && $is_single_tag ) {
				// We need some space - avoid 
 and prefer 
.
				$pre_attribute_ws = ' ';
			}

			$tag = '<' . $tag . $pre_attribute_ws . $attributes . '>';
			// If already queuing a close tag, then put this tag on too.
			if ( ! empty( $tagqueue ) ) {
				$tagqueue .= $tag;
				$tag       = '';
			}
		}
		$newtext .= substr( $text, 0, $i ) . $tag;
		$text     = substr( $text, $i + $l );
	}

	// Clear tag queue.
	$newtext .= $tagqueue;

	// Add remaining text.
	$newtext .= $text;

	while ( $x = array_pop( $tagstack ) ) {
		$newtext .= ''; // Add remaining tags to close.
	}

	// WP fix for the bug with HTML comments.
	$newtext = str_replace( '< !--', ' ' ) );

	// Collapse line breaks before and after ', $text );
	}

	/*
	 * Collapse line breaks inside ' ) ) {
		$text = preg_replace( '|(]*>)\s*|', '$1', $text );
		$text = preg_replace( '|\s*|', '', $text );
		$text = preg_replace( '%\s*(]*>)\s*%', '$1', $text );
	}

	/*
	 * Collapse line breaks inside 
 elements.
	if ( str_contains( $text, ']*>)|', '$1', $text );
		$text = preg_replace( '|\s*|', '', $text );
	}

	// Remove more than two contiguous line breaks.
	$text = preg_replace( "/\n\n+/", "\n\n", $text );

	// Split up the contents into an array of strings, separated by double line breaks.
	$paragraphs = preg_split( '/\n\s*\n/', $text, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY );

	// Reset $text prior to rebuilding.
	$text = '';

	// Rebuild the content as a string, wrapping every bit with a .
	foreach ( $paragraphs as $paragraph ) {
		$text .= '
' . trim( $paragraph, "\n" ) . "\n";
	}

	// Under certain strange conditions it could create a P of entirely whitespace.
	$text = preg_replace( '|\s*|', '', $text );

	// Add a closing  inside 
, , or  tag if missing.
	$text = preg_replace( '!([^<]+)!', '
$1
', $text );

	// If an opening or closing block element tag is wrapped in a , unwrap it.
	$text = preg_replace( '!
\s*(]*>)\s*!', '$1', $text );

	// In some cases  may get wrapped in , fix them.
	$text = preg_replace( '|
(|', '$1', $text );

	// If a 
 is wrapped with a , move it inside the 
.
	$text = preg_replace( '|]*)>|i', '
', $text );
	$text = str_replace( '
', '', $text );

	// If an opening or closing block element tag is preceded by an opening  tag, remove it.
	$text = preg_replace( '!
\s*(]*>)!', '$1', $text );

	// If an opening or closing block element tag is followed by a closing 
 tag, remove it.
	$text = preg_replace( '!(]*>)\s*!', '$1', $text );

	// Optionally insert line breaks.
	if ( $br ) {
		// Replace newlines that shouldn't be touched with a placeholder.
		$text = preg_replace_callback( '/<(script|style|svg|math).*?<\/\\1>/s', '_autop_newline_preservation_helper', $text );

		// Normalize 
.
		$text = str_replace( array( '
', '
' ), '
', $text );

		// Replace any new line characters that aren't preceded by a 
 with a 
.
		$text = preg_replace( '|(?)\s*\n|', "
\n", $text );

		// Replace newline placeholders with newlines.
		$text = str_replace( '', "\n", $text );
	}

	// If a 
 tag is after an opening or closing block tag, remove it.
	$text = preg_replace( '!(]*>)\s*
!', '$1', $text );

	// If a 
 tag is before a subset of opening or closing block tags, remove it.
	$text = preg_replace( '!
(\s*]*>)!', '$1', $text );
	$text = preg_replace( "|\n
$|", '', $text );

	// Replace placeholder  tags with their original content.
	if ( ! empty( $pre_tags ) ) {
		$text = str_replace( array_keys( $pre_tags ), array_values( $pre_tags ), $text );
	}

	// Restore newlines in all elements.
	if ( str_contains( $text, '' ) ) {
		$text = str_replace( array( '  ', '' ), "\n", $text );
	}

	return $text;
}

/**
 * Separates HTML elements and comments from the text.
 *
 * @since 4.2.4
 *
 * @param string $input The text which has to be formatted.
 * @return string[] Array of the formatted text.
 */
function wp_html_split( $input ) {
	return preg_split( get_html_split_regex(), $input, -1, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE );
}

/**
 * Retrieves the regular expression for an HTML element.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @return string The regular expression.
 */
function get_html_split_regex() {
	static $regex;

	if ( ! isset( $regex ) ) {
		// phpcs:disable Squiz.Strings.ConcatenationSpacing.PaddingFound -- don't remove regex indentation
		$comments =
			'!'             // Start of comment, after the <.
			. '(?:'         // Unroll the loop: Consume everything until --> is found.
			.     '-(?!->)' // Dash not followed by end of comment.
			.     '[^\-]*+' // Consume non-dashes.
			. ')*+'         // Loop possessively.
			. '(?:-->)?';   // End of comment. If not found, match all input.

		$cdata =
			'!\[CDATA\['    // Start of comment, after the <.
			. '[^\]]*+'     // Consume non-].
			. '(?:'         // Unroll the loop: Consume everything until ]]> is found.
			.     '](?!]>)' // One ] not followed by end of comment.
			.     '[^\]]*+' // Consume non-].
			. ')*+'         // Loop possessively.
			. '(?:]]>)?';   // End of comment. If not found, match all input.

		$escaped =
			'(?='             // Is the element escaped?
			.    '!--'
			. '|'
			.    '!\[CDATA\['
			. ')'
			. '(?(?=!-)'      // If yes, which type?
			.     $comments
			. '|'
			.     $cdata
			. ')';

		$regex =
			'/('                // Capture the entire match.
			.     '<'           // Find start of element.
			.     '(?'          // Conditional expression follows.
			.         $escaped  // Find end of escaped element.
			.     '|'           // ...else...
			.         '[^>]*>?' // Find end of normal element.
			.     ')'
			. ')/';
		// phpcs:enable
	}

	return $regex;
}

/**
 * Retrieves the combined regular expression for HTML and shortcodes.
 *
 * @access private
 * @ignore
 * @internal This function will be removed in 4.5.0 per Shortcode API Roadmap.
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @param string $shortcode_regex Optional. The result from _get_wptexturize_shortcode_regex().
 * @return string The regular expression.
 */
function _get_wptexturize_split_regex( $shortcode_regex = '' ) {
	static $html_regex;

	if ( ! isset( $html_regex ) ) {
		// phpcs:disable Squiz.Strings.ConcatenationSpacing.PaddingFound -- don't remove regex indentation
		$comment_regex =
			'!'             // Start of comment, after the <.
			. '(?:'         // Unroll the loop: Consume everything until --> is found.
			.     '-(?!->)' // Dash not followed by end of comment.
			.     '[^\-]*+' // Consume non-dashes.
			. ')*+'         // Loop possessively.
			. '(?:-->)?';   // End of comment. If not found, match all input.

		$html_regex = // Needs replaced with wp_html_split() per Shortcode API Roadmap.
			'<'                  // Find start of element.
			. '(?(?=!--)'        // Is this a comment?
			.     $comment_regex // Find end of comment.
			. '|'
			.     '[^>]*>?'      // Find end of element. If not found, match all input.
			. ')';
		// phpcs:enable
	}

	if ( empty( $shortcode_regex ) ) {
		$regex = '/(' . $html_regex . ')/';
	} else {
		$regex = '/(' . $html_regex . '|' . $shortcode_regex . ')/';
	}

	return $regex;
}

/**
 * Retrieves the regular expression for shortcodes.
 *
 * @access private
 * @ignore
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @param string[] $tagnames Array of shortcodes to find.
 * @return string The regular expression.
 */
function _get_wptexturize_shortcode_regex( $tagnames ) {
	$tagregexp = implode( '|', array_map( 'preg_quote', $tagnames ) );
	$tagregexp = "(?:$tagregexp)(?=[\\s\\]\\/])"; // Excerpt of get_shortcode_regex().
	// phpcs:disable Squiz.Strings.ConcatenationSpacing.PaddingFound -- don't remove regex indentation
	$regex =
		'\['                // Find start of shortcode.
		. '[\/\[]?'         // Shortcodes may begin with [/ or [[.
		. $tagregexp        // Only match registered shortcodes, because performance.
		. '(?:'
		.     '[^\[\]<>]+'  // Shortcodes do not contain other shortcodes. Quantifier critical.
		. '|'
		.     '<[^\[\]>]*>' // HTML elements permitted. Prevents matching ] before >.
		. ')*+'             // Possessive critical.
		. '\]'              // Find end of shortcode.
		. '\]?';            // Shortcodes may end with ]].
	// phpcs:enable

	return $regex;
}

/**
 * Replaces characters or phrases within HTML elements only.
 *
 * @since 4.2.3
 *
 * @param string $haystack      The text which has to be formatted.
 * @param array  $replace_pairs In the form array('from' => 'to', ...).
 * @return string The formatted text.
 */
function wp_replace_in_html_tags( $haystack, $replace_pairs ) {
	// Find all elements.
	$textarr = wp_html_split( $haystack );
	$changed = false;

	// Optimize when searching for one item.
	if ( 1 === count( $replace_pairs ) ) {
		// Extract $needle and $replace.
		$needle  = array_key_first( $replace_pairs );
		$replace = $replace_pairs[ $needle ];

		// Loop through delimiters (elements) only.
		for ( $i = 1, $c = count( $textarr ); $i < $c; $i += 2 ) {
			if ( str_contains( $textarr[ $i ], $needle ) ) {
				$textarr[ $i ] = str_replace( $needle, $replace, $textarr[ $i ] );
				$changed       = true;
			}
		}
	} else {
		// Extract all $needles.
		$needles = array_keys( $replace_pairs );

		// Loop through delimiters (elements) only.
		for ( $i = 1, $c = count( $textarr ); $i < $c; $i += 2 ) {
			foreach ( $needles as $needle ) {
				if ( str_contains( $textarr[ $i ], $needle ) ) {
					$textarr[ $i ] = strtr( $textarr[ $i ], $replace_pairs );
					$changed       = true;
					// After one strtr() break out of the foreach loop and look at next element.
					break;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	if ( $changed ) {
		$haystack = implode( $textarr );
	}

	return $haystack;
}

/**
 * Newline preservation help function for wpautop().
 *
 * @since 3.1.0
 * @access private
 *
 * @param array $matches preg_replace_callback matches array
 * @return string Text with newlines replaced with placeholders.
 */
function _autop_newline_preservation_helper( $matches ) {
	return str_replace( "\n", '', $matches[0] );
}

/**
 * Don't auto-p wrap shortcodes that stand alone.
 *
 * Ensures that shortcodes are not wrapped in `...`.
 *
 * @since 2.9.0
 *
 * @global array $shortcode_tags
 *
 * @param string $text The content.
 * @return string The filtered content.
 */
function shortcode_unautop( $text ) {
	global $shortcode_tags;

	if ( empty( $shortcode_tags ) || ! is_array( $shortcode_tags ) ) {
		return $text;
	}

	$tagregexp = implode( '|', array_map( 'preg_quote', array_keys( $shortcode_tags ) ) );
	$spaces    = wp_spaces_regexp();

	// phpcs:disable Squiz.Strings.ConcatenationSpacing.PaddingFound,Universal.WhiteSpace.PrecisionAlignment.Found -- don't remove regex indentation
	$pattern =
		'/'
		. ''                              // Opening paragraph.
		. '(?:' . $spaces . ')*+'            // Optional leading whitespace.
		. '('                                // 1: The shortcode.
		.     '\\['                          // Opening bracket.
		.     "($tagregexp)"                 // 2: Shortcode name.
		.     '(?![\\w-])'                   // Not followed by word character or hyphen.
											 // Unroll the loop: Inside the opening shortcode tag.
		.     '[^\\]\\/]*'                   // Not a closing bracket or forward slash.
		.     '(?:'
		.         '\\/(?!\\])'               // A forward slash not followed by a closing bracket.
		.         '[^\\]\\/]*'               // Not a closing bracket or forward slash.
		.     ')*?'
		.     '(?:'
		.         '\\/\\]'                   // Self closing tag and closing bracket.
		.     '|'
		.         '\\]'                      // Closing bracket.
		.         '(?:'                      // Unroll the loop: Optionally, anything between the opening and closing shortcode tags.
		.             '[^\\[]*+'             // Not an opening bracket.
		.             '(?:'
		.                 '\\[(?!\\/\\2\\])' // An opening bracket not followed by the closing shortcode tag.
		.                 '[^\\[]*+'         // Not an opening bracket.
		.             ')*+'
		.             '\\[\\/\\2\\]'         // Closing shortcode tag.
		.         ')?'
		.     ')'
		. ')'
		. '(?:' . $spaces . ')*+'            // Optional trailing whitespace.
		. '<\\/p>'                           // Closing paragraph.
		. '/';
	// phpcs:enable

	return preg_replace( $pattern, '$1', $text );
}

/**
 * Checks to see if a string is utf8 encoded.
 *
 * NOTE: This function checks for 5-Byte sequences, UTF8
 *       has Bytes Sequences with a maximum length of 4.
 *
 * @author bmorel at ssi dot fr (modified)
 * @since 1.2.1
 * @deprecated 6.9.0 Use {@see wp_is_valid_utf8()} instead.
 *
 * @param string $str The string to be checked.
 * @return bool True if $str fits a UTF-8 model, false otherwise.
 */
function seems_utf8( $str ) {
	_deprecated_function( __FUNCTION__, '6.9.0', 'wp_is_valid_utf8()' );

	mbstring_binary_safe_encoding();
	$length = strlen( $str );
	reset_mbstring_encoding();

	for ( $i = 0; $i < $length; $i++ ) {
		$c = ord( $str[ $i ] );

		if ( $c < 0x80 ) {
			$n = 0; // 0bbbbbbb
		} elseif ( ( $c & 0xE0 ) === 0xC0 ) {
			$n = 1; // 110bbbbb
		} elseif ( ( $c & 0xF0 ) === 0xE0 ) {
			$n = 2; // 1110bbbb
		} elseif ( ( $c & 0xF8 ) === 0xF0 ) {
			$n = 3; // 11110bbb
		} elseif ( ( $c & 0xFC ) === 0xF8 ) {
			$n = 4; // 111110bb
		} elseif ( ( $c & 0xFE ) === 0xFC ) {
			$n = 5; // 1111110b
		} else {
			return false; // Does not match any model.
		}

		for ( $j = 0; $j < $n; $j++ ) { // n bytes matching 10bbbbbb follow?
			if ( ( ++$i === $length ) || ( ( ord( $str[ $i ] ) & 0xC0 ) !== 0x80 ) ) {
				return false;
			}
		}
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Converts a number of special characters into their HTML entities.
 *
 * Specifically deals with: `&`, `<`, `>`, `"`, and `'`.
 *
 * `$quote_style` can be set to ENT_COMPAT to encode `"` to
 * `"`, or ENT_QUOTES to do both. Default is ENT_NOQUOTES where no quotes are encoded.
 *
 * @since 1.2.2
 * @since 5.5.0 `$quote_style` also accepts `ENT_XML1`.
 * @access private
 *
 * @param string       $text          The text which is to be encoded.
 * @param int|string   $quote_style   Optional. Converts double quotes if set to ENT_COMPAT,
 *                                    both single and double if set to ENT_QUOTES or none if set to ENT_NOQUOTES.
 *                                    Converts single and double quotes, as well as converting HTML
 *                                    named entities (that are not also XML named entities) to their
 *                                    code points if set to ENT_XML1. Also compatible with old values;
 *                                    converting single quotes if set to 'single',
 *                                    double if set to 'double' or both if otherwise set.
 *                                    Default is ENT_NOQUOTES.
 * @param false|string $charset       Optional. The character encoding of the string. Default false.
 * @param bool         $double_encode Optional. Whether to encode existing HTML entities. Default false.
 * @return string The encoded text with HTML entities.
 */
function _wp_specialchars( $text, $quote_style = ENT_NOQUOTES, $charset = false, $double_encode = false ) {
	$text = (string) $text;

	if ( 0 === strlen( $text ) ) {
		return '';
	}

	// Don't bother if there are no specialchars - saves some processing.
	if ( ! preg_match( '/[&<>"\']/', $text ) ) {
		return $text;
	}

	// Account for the previous behavior of the function when the $quote_style is not an accepted value.
	if ( empty( $quote_style ) ) {
		$quote_style = ENT_NOQUOTES;
	} elseif ( ENT_XML1 === $quote_style ) {
		$quote_style = ENT_QUOTES | ENT_XML1;
	} elseif ( ! in_array( $quote_style, array( ENT_NOQUOTES, ENT_COMPAT, ENT_QUOTES, 'single', 'double' ), true ) ) {
		$quote_style = ENT_QUOTES;
	}

	$charset = _canonical_charset( $charset ? $charset : get_option( 'blog_charset' ) );

	$_quote_style = $quote_style;

	if ( 'double' === $quote_style ) {
		$quote_style  = ENT_COMPAT;
		$_quote_style = ENT_COMPAT;
	} elseif ( 'single' === $quote_style ) {
		$quote_style = ENT_NOQUOTES;
	}

	if ( ! $double_encode ) {
		/*
		 * Guarantee every &entity; is valid, convert &garbage; into &garbage;
		 * This is required for PHP < 5.4.0 because ENT_HTML401 flag is unavailable.
		 */
		$text = wp_kses_normalize_entities( $text, ( $quote_style & ENT_XML1 ) ? 'xml' : 'html' );
	}

	$text = htmlspecialchars( $text, $quote_style, $charset, $double_encode );

	// Back-compat.
	if ( 'single' === $_quote_style ) {
		$text = str_replace( "'", ''', $text );
	}

	return $text;
}

/**
 * Converts a number of HTML entities into their special characters.
 *
 * Specifically deals with: `&`, `<`, `>`, `"`, and `'`.
 *
 * `$quote_style` can be set to ENT_COMPAT to decode `"` entities,
 * or ENT_QUOTES to do both `"` and `'`. Default is ENT_NOQUOTES where no quotes are decoded.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 *
 * @param string     $text        The text which is to be decoded.
 * @param string|int $quote_style Optional. Converts double quotes if set to ENT_COMPAT,
 *                                both single and double if set to ENT_QUOTES or
 *                                none if set to ENT_NOQUOTES.
 *                                Also compatible with old _wp_specialchars() values;
 *                                converting single quotes if set to 'single',
 *                                double if set to 'double' or both if otherwise set.
 *                                Default is ENT_NOQUOTES.
 * @return string The decoded text without HTML entities.
 */
function wp_specialchars_decode( $text, $quote_style = ENT_NOQUOTES ) {
	$text = (string) $text;

	if ( 0 === strlen( $text ) ) {
		return '';
	}

	// Don't bother if there are no entities - saves a lot of processing.
	if ( ! str_contains( $text, '&' ) ) {
		return $text;
	}

	// Match the previous behavior of _wp_specialchars() when the $quote_style is not an accepted value.
	if ( empty( $quote_style ) ) {
		$quote_style = ENT_NOQUOTES;
	} elseif ( ! in_array( $quote_style, array( 0, 2, 3, 'single', 'double' ), true ) ) {
		$quote_style = ENT_QUOTES;
	}

	// More complete than get_html_translation_table( HTML_SPECIALCHARS ).
	$single      = array(
		''' => '\'',
		''' => '\'',
	);
	$single_preg = array(
		'/�*39;/'   => ''',
		'/�*27;/i' => ''',
	);
	$double      = array(
		'"' => '"',
		'"' => '"',
		'"' => '"',
	);
	$double_preg = array(
		'/�*34;/'   => '"',
		'/�*22;/i' => '"',
	);
	$others      = array(
		'<'   => '<',
		'<' => '<',
		'>'   => '>',
		'>' => '>',
		'&'  => '&',
		'&' => '&',
		'&' => '&',
	);
	$others_preg = array(
		'/�*60;/'   => '<',
		'/�*62;/'   => '>',
		'/�*38;/'   => '&',
		'/�*26;/i' => '&',
	);

	if ( ENT_QUOTES === $quote_style ) {
		$translation      = array_merge( $single, $double, $others );
		$translation_preg = array_merge( $single_preg, $double_preg, $others_preg );
	} elseif ( ENT_COMPAT === $quote_style || 'double' === $quote_style ) {
		$translation      = array_merge( $double, $others );
		$translation_preg = array_merge( $double_preg, $others_preg );
	} elseif ( 'single' === $quote_style ) {
		$translation      = array_merge( $single, $others );
		$translation_preg = array_merge( $single_preg, $others_preg );
	} elseif ( ENT_NOQUOTES === $quote_style ) {
		$translation      = $others;
		$translation_preg = $others_preg;
	}

	// Remove zero padding on numeric entities.
	$text = preg_replace( array_keys( $translation_preg ), array_values( $translation_preg ), $text );

	// Replace characters according to translation table.
	return strtr( $text, $translation );
}

/**
 * Checks for invalid UTF8 in a string.
 *
 * Note! This function only performs its work if the `blog_charset` is set
 * to UTF-8. For all other values it returns the input text unchanged.
 *
 * Note! Unless requested, this returns an empty string if the input contains
 * any sequences of invalid UTF-8. To replace invalid byte sequences, pass
 * `true` as the optional `$strip` parameter.
 *
 * Consider using {@see wp_scrub_utf8()} instead which does not depend on
 * the value of `blog_charset`.
 *
 * Example:
 *
 *     // The `blog_charset` is `latin1`, so this returns the input unchanged.
 *     $every_possible_input === wp_check_invalid_utf8( $every_possible_input );
 *
 *     // Valid strings come through unchanged.
 *     'test' === wp_check_invalid_utf8( 'test' );
 *
 *     $invalid = "the byte \xC0 is never allowed in a UTF-8 string.";
 *
 *     // Invalid strings are rejected outright.
 *     '' === wp_check_invalid_utf8( $invalid );
 *
 *     // “Stripping” invalid sequences produces the replacement character instead.
 *     "the byte \u{FFFD} is never allowed in a UTF-8 string." === wp_check_invalid_utf8( $invalid, true );
 *     'the byte � is never allowed in a UTF-8 string.' === wp_check_invalid_utf8( $invalid, true );
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 * @since 6.9.0 Stripping replaces invalid byte sequences with the Unicode replacement character U+FFFD (�).
 *
 * @param string $text   String which is expected to be encoded as UTF-8 unless `blog_charset` is another encoding.
 * @param bool   $strip  Optional. Whether to replace invalid sequences of bytes with the Unicode replacement
 *                       character (U+FFFD `�`). Default `false` returns an empty string for invalid UTF-8 inputs.
 * @return string The checked text.
 */
function wp_check_invalid_utf8( $text, $strip = false ) {
	$text = (string) $text;

	if ( 0 === strlen( $text ) ) {
		return '';
	}

	// Store the site charset as a static to avoid multiple calls to get_option().
	static $is_utf8 = null;
	if ( ! isset( $is_utf8 ) ) {
		$is_utf8 = is_utf8_charset();
	}

	if ( ! $is_utf8 || wp_is_valid_utf8( $text ) ) {
		return $text;
	}

	return $strip
		? wp_scrub_utf8( $text )
		: '';
}

/**
 * Encodes the Unicode values to be used in the URI.
 *
 * @since 1.5.0
 * @since 5.8.3 Added the `encode_ascii_characters` parameter.
 *
 * @param string $utf8_string             String to encode.
 * @param int    $length                  Max length of the string.
 * @param bool   $encode_ascii_characters Whether to encode ascii characters such as < " '
 * @return string String with Unicode encoded for URI.
 */
function utf8_uri_encode( $utf8_string, $length = 0, $encode_ascii_characters = false ) {
	$unicode        = '';
	$values         = array();
	$num_octets     = 1;
	$unicode_length = 0;

	mbstring_binary_safe_encoding();
	$string_length = strlen( $utf8_string );
	reset_mbstring_encoding();

	for ( $i = 0; $i < $string_length; $i++ ) {

		$value = ord( $utf8_string[ $i ] );

		if ( $value < 128 ) {
			$char                = chr( $value );
			$encoded_char        = $encode_ascii_characters ? rawurlencode( $char ) : $char;
			$encoded_char_length = strlen( $encoded_char );
			if ( $length && ( $unicode_length + $encoded_char_length ) > $length ) {
				break;
			}
			$unicode        .= $encoded_char;
			$unicode_length += $encoded_char_length;
		} else {
			if ( 0 === count( $values ) ) {
				if ( $value < 224 ) {
					$num_octets = 2;
				} elseif ( $value < 240 ) {
					$num_octets = 3;
				} else {
					$num_octets = 4;
				}
			}

			$values[] = $value;

			if ( $length && ( $unicode_length + ( $num_octets * 3 ) ) > $length ) {
				break;
			}
			if ( count( $values ) === $num_octets ) {
				for ( $j = 0; $j < $num_octets; $j++ ) {
					$unicode .= '%' . dechex( $values[ $j ] );
				}

				$unicode_length += $num_octets * 3;

				$values     = array();
				$num_octets = 1;
			}
		}
	}

	return $unicode;
}

/**
 * Converts all accent characters to ASCII characters.
 *
 * If there are no accent characters, then the string given is just returned.
 *
 * **Accent characters converted:**
 *
 * Currency signs:
 *
 * |   Code   | Glyph | Replacement |     Description     |
 * | -------- | ----- | ----------- | ------------------- |
 * | U+00A3   | £     | (empty)     | British Pound sign  |
 * | U+20AC   | €     | E           | Euro sign           |
 *
 * Decompositions for Latin-1 Supplement:
 *
 * |  Code   | Glyph | Replacement |               Description              |
 * | ------- | ----- | ----------- | -------------------------------------- |
 * | U+00AA  | ª     | a           | Feminine ordinal indicator             |
 * | U+00BA  | º     | o           | Masculine ordinal indicator            |
 * | U+00C0  | À     | A           | Latin capital letter A with grave      |
 * | U+00C1  | Á     | A           | Latin capital letter A with acute      |
 * | U+00C2  | Â     | A           | Latin capital letter A with circumflex |
 * | U+00C3  | Ã     | A           | Latin capital letter A with tilde      |
 * | U+00C4  | Ä     | A           | Latin capital letter A with diaeresis  |
 * | U+00C5  | Å     | A           | Latin capital letter A with ring above |
 * | U+00C6  | Æ     | AE          | Latin capital letter AE                |
 * | U+00C7  | Ç     | C           | Latin capital letter C with cedilla    |
 * | U+00C8  | È     | E           | Latin capital letter E with grave      |
 * | U+00C9  | É     | E           | Latin capital letter E with acute      |
 * | U+00CA  | Ê     | E           | Latin capital letter E with circumflex |
 * | U+00CB  | Ë     | E           | Latin capital letter E with diaeresis  |
 * | U+00CC  | Ì     | I           | Latin capital letter I with grave      |
 * | U+00CD  | Í     | I           | Latin capital letter I with acute      |
 * | U+00CE  | Î     | I           | Latin capital letter I with circumflex |
 * | U+00CF  | Ï     | I           | Latin capital letter I with diaeresis  |
 * | U+00D0  | Ð     | D           | Latin capital letter Eth               |
 * | U+00D1  | Ñ     | N           | Latin capital letter N with tilde      |
 * | U+00D2  | Ò     | O           | Latin capital letter O with grave      |
 * | U+00D3  | Ó     | O           | Latin capital letter O with acute      |
 * | U+00D4  | Ô     | O           | Latin capital letter O with circumflex |
 * | U+00D5  | Õ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with tilde      |
 * | U+00D6  | Ö     | O           | Latin capital letter O with diaeresis  |
 * | U+00D8  | Ø     | O           | Latin capital letter O with stroke     |
 * | U+00D9  | Ù     | U           | Latin capital letter U with grave      |
 * | U+00DA  | Ú     | U           | Latin capital letter U with acute      |
 * | U+00DB  | Û     | U           | Latin capital letter U with circumflex |
 * | U+00DC  | Ü     | U           | Latin capital letter U with diaeresis  |
 * | U+00DD  | Ý     | Y           | Latin capital letter Y with acute      |
 * | U+00DE  | Þ     | TH          | Latin capital letter Thorn             |
 * | U+00DF  | ß     | s           | Latin small letter sharp s             |
 * | U+00E0  | à     | a           | Latin small letter a with grave        |
 * | U+00E1  | á     | a           | Latin small letter a with acute        |
 * | U+00E2  | â     | a           | Latin small letter a with circumflex   |
 * | U+00E3  | ã     | a           | Latin small letter a with tilde        |
 * | U+00E4  | ä     | a           | Latin small letter a with diaeresis    |
 * | U+00E5  | å     | a           | Latin small letter a with ring above   |
 * | U+00E6  | æ     | ae          | Latin small letter ae                  |
 * | U+00E7  | ç     | c           | Latin small letter c with cedilla      |
 * | U+00E8  | è     | e           | Latin small letter e with grave        |
 * | U+00E9  | é     | e           | Latin small letter e with acute        |
 * | U+00EA  | ê     | e           | Latin small letter e with circumflex   |
 * | U+00EB  | ë     | e           | Latin small letter e with diaeresis    |
 * | U+00EC  | ì     | i           | Latin small letter i with grave        |
 * | U+00ED  | í     | i           | Latin small letter i with acute        |
 * | U+00EE  | î     | i           | Latin small letter i with circumflex   |
 * | U+00EF  | ï     | i           | Latin small letter i with diaeresis    |
 * | U+00F0  | ð     | d           | Latin small letter Eth                 |
 * | U+00F1  | ñ     | n           | Latin small letter n with tilde        |
 * | U+00F2  | ò     | o           | Latin small letter o with grave        |
 * | U+00F3  | ó     | o           | Latin small letter o with acute        |
 * | U+00F4  | ô     | o           | Latin small letter o with circumflex   |
 * | U+00F5  | õ     | o           | Latin small letter o with tilde        |
 * | U+00F6  | ö     | o           | Latin small letter o with diaeresis    |
 * | U+00F8  | ø     | o           | Latin small letter o with stroke       |
 * | U+00F9  | ù     | u           | Latin small letter u with grave        |
 * | U+00FA  | ú     | u           | Latin small letter u with acute        |
 * | U+00FB  | û     | u           | Latin small letter u with circumflex   |
 * | U+00FC  | ü     | u           | Latin small letter u with diaeresis    |
 * | U+00FD  | ý     | y           | Latin small letter y with acute        |
 * | U+00FE  | þ     | th          | Latin small letter Thorn               |
 * | U+00FF  | ÿ     | y           | Latin small letter y with diaeresis    |
 *
 * Decompositions for Latin Extended-A:
 *
 * |  Code   | Glyph | Replacement |                    Description                    |
 * | ------- | ----- | ----------- | ------------------------------------------------- |
 * | U+0100  | Ā     | A           | Latin capital letter A with macron                |
 * | U+0101  | ā     | a           | Latin small letter a with macron                  |
 * | U+0102  | Ă     | A           | Latin capital letter A with breve                 |
 * | U+0103  | ă     | a           | Latin small letter a with breve                   |
 * | U+0104  | Ą     | A           | Latin capital letter A with ogonek                |
 * | U+0105  | ą     | a           | Latin small letter a with ogonek                  |
 * | U+01006 | Ć     | C           | Latin capital letter C with acute                 |
 * | U+0107  | ć     | c           | Latin small letter c with acute                   |
 * | U+0108  | Ĉ     | C           | Latin capital letter C with circumflex            |
 * | U+0109  | ĉ     | c           | Latin small letter c with circumflex              |
 * | U+010A  | Ċ     | C           | Latin capital letter C with dot above             |
 * | U+010B  | ċ     | c           | Latin small letter c with dot above               |
 * | U+010C  | Č     | C           | Latin capital letter C with caron                 |
 * | U+010D  | č     | c           | Latin small letter c with caron                   |
 * | U+010E  | Ď     | D           | Latin capital letter D with caron                 |
 * | U+010F  | ď     | d           | Latin small letter d with caron                   |
 * | U+0110  | Đ     | D           | Latin capital letter D with stroke                |
 * | U+0111  | đ     | d           | Latin small letter d with stroke                  |
 * | U+0112  | Ē     | E           | Latin capital letter E with macron                |
 * | U+0113  | ē     | e           | Latin small letter e with macron                  |
 * | U+0114  | Ĕ     | E           | Latin capital letter E with breve                 |
 * | U+0115  | ĕ     | e           | Latin small letter e with breve                   |
 * | U+0116  | Ė     | E           | Latin capital letter E with dot above             |
 * | U+0117  | ė     | e           | Latin small letter e with dot above               |
 * | U+0118  | Ę     | E           | Latin capital letter E with ogonek                |
 * | U+0119  | ę     | e           | Latin small letter e with ogonek                  |
 * | U+011A  | Ě     | E           | Latin capital letter E with caron                 |
 * | U+011B  | ě     | e           | Latin small letter e with caron                   |
 * | U+011C  | Ĝ     | G           | Latin capital letter G with circumflex            |
 * | U+011D  | ĝ     | g           | Latin small letter g with circumflex              |
 * | U+011E  | Ğ     | G           | Latin capital letter G with breve                 |
 * | U+011F  | ğ     | g           | Latin small letter g with breve                   |
 * | U+0120  | Ġ     | G           | Latin capital letter G with dot above             |
 * | U+0121  | ġ     | g           | Latin small letter g with dot above               |
 * | U+0122  | Ģ     | G           | Latin capital letter G with cedilla               |
 * | U+0123  | ģ     | g           | Latin small letter g with cedilla                 |
 * | U+0124  | Ĥ     | H           | Latin capital letter H with circumflex            |
 * | U+0125  | ĥ     | h           | Latin small letter h with circumflex              |
 * | U+0126  | Ħ     | H           | Latin capital letter H with stroke                |
 * | U+0127  | ħ     | h           | Latin small letter h with stroke                  |
 * | U+0128  | Ĩ     | I           | Latin capital letter I with tilde                 |
 * | U+0129  | ĩ     | i           | Latin small letter i with tilde                   |
 * | U+012A  | Ī     | I           | Latin capital letter I with macron                |
 * | U+012B  | ī     | i           | Latin small letter i with macron                  |
 * | U+012C  | Ĭ     | I           | Latin capital letter I with breve                 |
 * | U+012D  | ĭ     | i           | Latin small letter i with breve                   |
 * | U+012E  | Į     | I           | Latin capital letter I with ogonek                |
 * | U+012F  | į     | i           | Latin small letter i with ogonek                  |
 * | U+0130  | İ     | I           | Latin capital letter I with dot above             |
 * | U+0131  | ı     | i           | Latin small letter dotless i                      |
 * | U+0132  | Ĳ     | IJ          | Latin capital ligature IJ                         |
 * | U+0133  | ĳ     | ij          | Latin small ligature ij                           |
 * | U+0134  | Ĵ     | J           | Latin capital letter J with circumflex            |
 * | U+0135  | ĵ     | j           | Latin small letter j with circumflex              |
 * | U+0136  | Ķ     | K           | Latin capital letter K with cedilla               |
 * | U+0137  | ķ     | k           | Latin small letter k with cedilla                 |
 * | U+0138  | ĸ     | k           | Latin small letter Kra                            |
 * | U+0139  | Ĺ     | L           | Latin capital letter L with acute                 |
 * | U+013A  | ĺ     | l           | Latin small letter l with acute                   |
 * | U+013B  | Ļ     | L           | Latin capital letter L with cedilla               |
 * | U+013C  | ļ     | l           | Latin small letter l with cedilla                 |
 * | U+013D  | Ľ     | L           | Latin capital letter L with caron                 |
 * | U+013E  | ľ     | l           | Latin small letter l with caron                   |
 * | U+013F  | Ŀ     | L           | Latin capital letter L with middle dot            |
 * | U+0140  | ŀ     | l           | Latin small letter l with middle dot              |
 * | U+0141  | Ł     | L           | Latin capital letter L with stroke                |
 * | U+0142  | ł     | l           | Latin small letter l with stroke                  |
 * | U+0143  | Ń     | N           | Latin capital letter N with acute                 |
 * | U+0144  | ń     | n           | Latin small letter N with acute                   |
 * | U+0145  | Ņ     | N           | Latin capital letter N with cedilla               |
 * | U+0146  | ņ     | n           | Latin small letter n with cedilla                 |
 * | U+0147  | Ň     | N           | Latin capital letter N with caron                 |
 * | U+0148  | ň     | n           | Latin small letter n with caron                   |
 * | U+0149  | ŉ     | n           | Latin small letter n preceded by apostrophe       |
 * | U+014A  | Ŋ     | N           | Latin capital letter Eng                          |
 * | U+014B  | ŋ     | n           | Latin small letter Eng                            |
 * | U+014C  | Ō     | O           | Latin capital letter O with macron                |
 * | U+014D  | ō     | o           | Latin small letter o with macron                  |
 * | U+014E  | Ŏ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with breve                 |
 * | U+014F  | ŏ     | o           | Latin small letter o with breve                   |
 * | U+0150  | Ő     | O           | Latin capital letter O with double acute          |
 * | U+0151  | ő     | o           | Latin small letter o with double acute            |
 * | U+0152  | Œ     | OE          | Latin capital ligature OE                         |
 * | U+0153  | œ     | oe          | Latin small ligature oe                           |
 * | U+0154  | Ŕ     | R           | Latin capital letter R with acute                 |
 * | U+0155  | ŕ     | r           | Latin small letter r with acute                   |
 * | U+0156  | Ŗ     | R           | Latin capital letter R with cedilla               |
 * | U+0157  | ŗ     | r           | Latin small letter r with cedilla                 |
 * | U+0158  | Ř     | R           | Latin capital letter R with caron                 |
 * | U+0159  | ř     | r           | Latin small letter r with caron                   |
 * | U+015A  | Ś     | S           | Latin capital letter S with acute                 |
 * | U+015B  | ś     | s           | Latin small letter s with acute                   |
 * | U+015C  | Ŝ     | S           | Latin capital letter S with circumflex            |
 * | U+015D  | ŝ     | s           | Latin small letter s with circumflex              |
 * | U+015E  | Ş     | S           | Latin capital letter S with cedilla               |
 * | U+015F  | ş     | s           | Latin small letter s with cedilla                 |
 * | U+0160  | Š     | S           | Latin capital letter S with caron                 |
 * | U+0161  | š     | s           | Latin small letter s with caron                   |
 * | U+0162  | Ţ     | T           | Latin capital letter T with cedilla               |
 * | U+0163  | ţ     | t           | Latin small letter t with cedilla                 |
 * | U+0164  | Ť     | T           | Latin capital letter T with caron                 |
 * | U+0165  | ť     | t           | Latin small letter t with caron                   |
 * | U+0166  | Ŧ     | T           | Latin capital letter T with stroke                |
 * | U+0167  | ŧ     | t           | Latin small letter t with stroke                  |
 * | U+0168  | Ũ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with tilde                 |
 * | U+0169  | ũ     | u           | Latin small letter u with tilde                   |
 * | U+016A  | Ū     | U           | Latin capital letter U with macron                |
 * | U+016B  | ū     | u           | Latin small letter u with macron                  |
 * | U+016C  | Ŭ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with breve                 |
 * | U+016D  | ŭ     | u           | Latin small letter u with breve                   |
 * | U+016E  | Ů     | U           | Latin capital letter U with ring above            |
 * | U+016F  | ů     | u           | Latin small letter u with ring above              |
 * | U+0170  | Ű     | U           | Latin capital letter U with double acute          |
 * | U+0171  | ű     | u           | Latin small letter u with double acute            |
 * | U+0172  | Ų     | U           | Latin capital letter U with ogonek                |
 * | U+0173  | ų     | u           | Latin small letter u with ogonek                  |
 * | U+0174  | Ŵ     | W           | Latin capital letter W with circumflex            |
 * | U+0175  | ŵ     | w           | Latin small letter w with circumflex              |
 * | U+0176  | Ŷ     | Y           | Latin capital letter Y with circumflex            |
 * | U+0177  | ŷ     | y           | Latin small letter y with circumflex              |
 * | U+0178  | Ÿ     | Y           | Latin capital letter Y with diaeresis             |
 * | U+0179  | Ź     | Z           | Latin capital letter Z with acute                 |
 * | U+017A  | ź     | z           | Latin small letter z with acute                   |
 * | U+017B  | Ż     | Z           | Latin capital letter Z with dot above             |
 * | U+017C  | ż     | z           | Latin small letter z with dot above               |
 * | U+017D  | Ž     | Z           | Latin capital letter Z with caron                 |
 * | U+017E  | ž     | z           | Latin small letter z with caron                   |
 * | U+017F  | ſ     | s           | Latin small letter long s                         |
 * | U+01A0  | Ơ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with horn                  |
 * | U+01A1  | ơ     | o           | Latin small letter o with horn                    |
 * | U+01AF  | Ư     | U           | Latin capital letter U with horn                  |
 * | U+01B0  | ư     | u           | Latin small letter u with horn                    |
 * | U+01CD  | Ǎ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with caron                 |
 * | U+01CE  | ǎ     | a           | Latin small letter a with caron                   |
 * | U+01CF  | Ǐ     | I           | Latin capital letter I with caron                 |
 * | U+01D0  | ǐ     | i           | Latin small letter i with caron                   |
 * | U+01D1  | Ǒ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with caron                 |
 * | U+01D2  | ǒ     | o           | Latin small letter o with caron                   |
 * | U+01D3  | Ǔ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with caron                 |
 * | U+01D4  | ǔ     | u           | Latin small letter u with caron                   |
 * | U+01D5  | Ǖ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with diaeresis and macron  |
 * | U+01D6  | ǖ     | u           | Latin small letter u with diaeresis and macron    |
 * | U+01D7  | Ǘ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with diaeresis and acute   |
 * | U+01D8  | ǘ     | u           | Latin small letter u with diaeresis and acute     |
 * | U+01D9  | Ǚ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with diaeresis and caron   |
 * | U+01DA  | ǚ     | u           | Latin small letter u with diaeresis and caron     |
 * | U+01DB  | Ǜ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with diaeresis and grave   |
 * | U+01DC  | ǜ     | u           | Latin small letter u with diaeresis and grave     |
 *
 * Decompositions for Latin Extended-B:
 *
 * |   Code   | Glyph | Replacement |                Description                |
 * | -------- | ----- | ----------- | ----------------------------------------- |
 * | U+018F   | Ə     | E           | Latin capital letter Ə                    |
 * | U+0259   | ǝ     | e           | Latin small letter ǝ                      |
 * | U+0218   | Ș     | S           | Latin capital letter S with comma below   |
 * | U+0219   | ș     | s           | Latin small letter s with comma below     |
 * | U+021A   | Ț     | T           | Latin capital letter T with comma below   |
 * | U+021B   | ț     | t           | Latin small letter t with comma below     |
 *
 * Vowels with diacritic (Chinese, Hanyu Pinyin):
 *
 * |   Code   | Glyph | Replacement |                      Description                      |
 * | -------- | ----- | ----------- | ----------------------------------------------------- |
 * | U+0251   | ɑ     | a           | Latin small letter alpha                              |
 * | U+1EA0   | Ạ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with dot below                 |
 * | U+1EA1   | ạ     | a           | Latin small letter a with dot below                   |
 * | U+1EA2   | Ả     | A           | Latin capital letter A with hook above                |
 * | U+1EA3   | ả     | a           | Latin small letter a with hook above                  |
 * | U+1EA4   | Ấ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with circumflex and acute      |
 * | U+1EA5   | ấ     | a           | Latin small letter a with circumflex and acute        |
 * | U+1EA6   | Ầ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with circumflex and grave      |
 * | U+1EA7   | ầ     | a           | Latin small letter a with circumflex and grave        |
 * | U+1EA8   | Ẩ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with circumflex and hook above |
 * | U+1EA9   | ẩ     | a           | Latin small letter a with circumflex and hook above   |
 * | U+1EAA   | Ẫ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with circumflex and tilde      |
 * | U+1EAB   | ẫ     | a           | Latin small letter a with circumflex and tilde        |
 * | U+1EA6   | Ậ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with circumflex and dot below  |
 * | U+1EAD   | ậ     | a           | Latin small letter a with circumflex and dot below    |
 * | U+1EAE   | Ắ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with breve and acute           |
 * | U+1EAF   | ắ     | a           | Latin small letter a with breve and acute             |
 * | U+1EB0   | Ằ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with breve and grave           |
 * | U+1EB1   | ằ     | a           | Latin small letter a with breve and grave             |
 * | U+1EB2   | Ẳ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with breve and hook above      |
 * | U+1EB3   | ẳ     | a           | Latin small letter a with breve and hook above        |
 * | U+1EB4   | Ẵ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with breve and tilde           |
 * | U+1EB5   | ẵ     | a           | Latin small letter a with breve and tilde             |
 * | U+1EB6   | Ặ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with breve and dot below       |
 * | U+1EB7   | ặ     | a           | Latin small letter a with breve and dot below         |
 * | U+1EB8   | Ẹ     | E           | Latin capital letter E with dot below                 |
 * | U+1EB9   | ẹ     | e           | Latin small letter e with dot below                   |
 * | U+1EBA   | Ẻ     | E           | Latin capital letter E with hook above                |
 * | U+1EBB   | ẻ     | e           | Latin small letter e with hook above                  |
 * | U+1EBC   | Ẽ     | E           | Latin capital letter E with tilde                     |
 * | U+1EBD   | ẽ     | e           | Latin small letter e with tilde                       |
 * | U+1EBE   | Ế     | E           | Latin capital letter E with circumflex and acute      |
 * | U+1EBF   | ế     | e           | Latin small letter e with circumflex and acute        |
 * | U+1EC0   | Ề     | E           | Latin capital letter E with circumflex and grave      |
 * | U+1EC1   | ề     | e           | Latin small letter e with circumflex and grave        |
 * | U+1EC2   | Ể     | E           | Latin capital letter E with circumflex and hook above |
 * | U+1EC3   | ể     | e           | Latin small letter e with circumflex and hook above   |
 * | U+1EC4   | Ễ     | E           | Latin capital letter E with circumflex and tilde      |
 * | U+1EC5   | ễ     | e           | Latin small letter e with circumflex and tilde        |
 * | U+1EC6   | Ệ     | E           | Latin capital letter E with circumflex and dot below  |
 * | U+1EC7   | ệ     | e           | Latin small letter e with circumflex and dot below    |
 * | U+1EC8   | Ỉ     | I           | Latin capital letter I with hook above                |
 * | U+1EC9   | ỉ     | i           | Latin small letter i with hook above                  |
 * | U+1ECA   | Ị     | I           | Latin capital letter I with dot below                 |
 * | U+1ECB   | ị     | i           | Latin small letter i with dot below                   |
 * | U+1ECC   | Ọ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with dot below                 |
 * | U+1ECD   | ọ     | o           | Latin small letter o with dot below                   |
 * | U+1ECE   | Ỏ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with hook above                |
 * | U+1ECF   | ỏ     | o           | Latin small letter o with hook above                  |
 * | U+1ED0   | Ố     | O           | Latin capital letter O with circumflex and acute      |
 * | U+1ED1   | ố     | o           | Latin small letter o with circumflex and acute        |
 * | U+1ED2   | Ồ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with circumflex and grave      |
 * | U+1ED3   | ồ     | o           | Latin small letter o with circumflex and grave        |
 * | U+1ED4   | Ổ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with circumflex and hook above |
 * | U+1ED5   | ổ     | o           | Latin small letter o with circumflex and hook above   |
 * | U+1ED6   | Ỗ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with circumflex and tilde      |
 * | U+1ED7   | ỗ     | o           | Latin small letter o with circumflex and tilde        |
 * | U+1ED8   | Ộ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with circumflex and dot below  |
 * | U+1ED9   | ộ     | o           | Latin small letter o with circumflex and dot below    |
 * | U+1EDA   | Ớ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with horn and acute            |
 * | U+1EDB   | ớ     | o           | Latin small letter o with horn and acute              |
 * | U+1EDC   | Ờ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with horn and grave            |
 * | U+1EDD   | ờ     | o           | Latin small letter o with horn and grave              |
 * | U+1EDE   | Ở     | O           | Latin capital letter O with horn and hook above       |
 * | U+1EDF   | ở     | o           | Latin small letter o with horn and hook above         |
 * | U+1EE0   | Ỡ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with horn and tilde            |
 * | U+1EE1   | ỡ     | o           | Latin small letter o with horn and tilde              |
 * | U+1EE2   | Ợ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with horn and dot below        |
 * | U+1EE3   | ợ     | o           | Latin small letter o with horn and dot below          |
 * | U+1EE4   | Ụ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with dot below                 |
 * | U+1EE5   | ụ     | u           | Latin small letter u with dot below                   |
 * | U+1EE6   | Ủ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with hook above                |
 * | U+1EE7   | ủ     | u           | Latin small letter u with hook above                  |
 * | U+1EE8   | Ứ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with horn and acute            |
 * | U+1EE9   | ứ     | u           | Latin small letter u with horn and acute              |
 * | U+1EEA   | Ừ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with horn and grave            |
 * | U+1EEB   | ừ     | u           | Latin small letter u with horn and grave              |
 * | U+1EEC   | Ử     | U           | Latin capital letter U with horn and hook above       |
 * | U+1EED   | ử     | u           | Latin small letter u with horn and hook above         |
 * | U+1EEE   | Ữ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with horn and tilde            |
 * | U+1EEF   | ữ     | u           | Latin small letter u with horn and tilde              |
 * | U+1EF0   | Ự     | U           | Latin capital letter U with horn and dot below        |
 * | U+1EF1   | ự     | u           | Latin small letter u with horn and dot below          |
 * | U+1EF2   | Ỳ     | Y           | Latin capital letter Y with grave                     |
 * | U+1EF3   | ỳ     | y           | Latin small letter y with grave                       |
 * | U+1EF4   | Ỵ     | Y           | Latin capital letter Y with dot below                 |
 * | U+1EF5   | ỵ     | y           | Latin small letter y with dot below                   |
 * | U+1EF6   | Ỷ     | Y           | Latin capital letter Y with hook above                |
 * | U+1EF7   | ỷ     | y           | Latin small letter y with hook above                  |
 * | U+1EF8   | Ỹ     | Y           | Latin capital letter Y with tilde                     |
 * | U+1EF9   | ỹ     | y           | Latin small letter y with tilde                       |
 *
 * German (`de_DE`), German formal (`de_DE_formal`), German (Switzerland) formal (`de_CH`),
 * German (Switzerland) informal (`de_CH_informal`), and German (Austria) (`de_AT`) locales:
 *
 * |   Code   | Glyph | Replacement |               Description               |
 * | -------- | ----- | ----------- | --------------------------------------- |
 * | U+00C4   | Ä     | Ae          | Latin capital letter A with diaeresis   |
 * | U+00E4   | ä     | ae          | Latin small letter a with diaeresis     |
 * | U+00D6   | Ö     | Oe          | Latin capital letter O with diaeresis   |
 * | U+00F6   | ö     | oe          | Latin small letter o with diaeresis     |
 * | U+00DC   | Ü     | Ue          | Latin capital letter U with diaeresis   |
 * | U+00FC   | ü     | ue          | Latin small letter u with diaeresis     |
 * | U+1E9E   | ẞ     | SS          | Latin capital letter sharp s            |
 * | U+00DF   | ß     | ss          | Latin small letter sharp s              |
 *
 * Danish (`da_DK`) locale:
 *
 * |   Code   | Glyph | Replacement |               Description               |
 * | -------- | ----- | ----------- | --------------------------------------- |
 * | U+00C6   | Æ     | Ae          | Latin capital letter AE                 |
 * | U+00E6   | æ     | ae          | Latin small letter ae                   |
 * | U+00D8   | Ø     | Oe          | Latin capital letter O with stroke      |
 * | U+00F8   | ø     | oe          | Latin small letter o with stroke        |
 * | U+00C5   | Å     | Aa          | Latin capital letter A with ring above  |
 * | U+00E5   | å     | aa          | Latin small letter a with ring above    |
 *
 * Catalan (`ca`) locale:
 *
 * |   Code   | Glyph | Replacement |               Description               |
 * | -------- | ----- | ----------- | --------------------------------------- |
 * | U+00B7   | l·l   | ll          | Flown dot (between two Ls)              |
 *
 * Serbian (`sr_RS`) and Bosnian (`bs_BA`) locales:
 *
 * |   Code   | Glyph | Replacement |               Description               |
 * | -------- | ----- | ----------- | --------------------------------------- |
 * | U+0110   | Đ     | DJ          | Latin capital letter D with stroke      |
 * | U+0111   | đ     | dj          | Latin small letter d with stroke        |
 *
 * @since 1.2.1
 * @since 4.6.0 Added locale support for `de_CH`, `de_CH_informal`, and `ca`.
 * @since 4.7.0 Added locale support for `sr_RS`.
 * @since 4.8.0 Added locale support for `bs_BA`.
 * @since 5.7.0 Added locale support for `de_AT`.
 * @since 6.0.0 Added the `$locale` parameter.
 * @since 6.1.0 Added Unicode NFC encoding normalization support.
 * @since 7.0.0 Added capital Eszett (U+1E9E) support for German locales.
 *
 * @param string $text   Text that might have accent characters.
 * @param string $locale Optional. The locale to use for accent removal. Some character
 *                       replacements depend on the locale being used (e.g. 'de_DE').
 *                       Defaults to the current locale.
 * @return string Filtered string with replaced "nice" characters.
 */
function remove_accents( $text, $locale = '' ) {
	if ( ! preg_match( '/[\x80-\xff]/', $text ) ) {
		return $text;
	}

	if ( wp_is_valid_utf8( $text ) ) {

		/*
		 * Unicode sequence normalization from NFD (Normalization Form Decomposed)
		 * to NFC (Normalization Form [Pre]Composed), the encoding used in this function.
		 */
		if ( function_exists( 'normalizer_is_normalized' )
			&& function_exists( 'normalizer_normalize' )
		) {
			if ( ! normalizer_is_normalized( $text ) ) {
				$text = normalizer_normalize( $text );
			}
		}

		$chars = array(
			// Decompositions for Latin-1 Supplement.
			'ª' => 'a',
			'º' => 'o',
			'À' => 'A',
			'Á' => 'A',
			'Â' => 'A',
			'Ã' => 'A',
			'Ä' => 'A',
			'Å' => 'A',
			'Æ' => 'AE',
			'Ç' => 'C',
			'È' => 'E',
			'É' => 'E',
			'Ê' => 'E',
			'Ë' => 'E',
			'Ì' => 'I',
			'Í' => 'I',
			'Î' => 'I',
			'Ï' => 'I',
			'Ð' => 'D',
			'Ñ' => 'N',
			'Ò' => 'O',
			'Ó' => 'O',
			'Ô' => 'O',
			'Õ' => 'O',
			'Ö' => 'O',
			'Ù' => 'U',
			'Ú' => 'U',
			'Û' => 'U',
			'Ü' => 'U',
			'Ý' => 'Y',
			'Þ' => 'TH',
			'ß' => 's',
			'à' => 'a',
			'á' => 'a',
			'â' => 'a',
			'ã' => 'a',
			'ä' => 'a',
			'å' => 'a',
			'æ' => 'ae',
			'ç' => 'c',
			'è' => 'e',
			'é' => 'e',
			'ê' => 'e',
			'ë' => 'e',
			'ì' => 'i',
			'í' => 'i',
			'î' => 'i',
			'ï' => 'i',
			'ð' => 'd',
			'ñ' => 'n',
			'ò' => 'o',
			'ó' => 'o',
			'ô' => 'o',
			'õ' => 'o',
			'ö' => 'o',
			'ø' => 'o',
			'ù' => 'u',
			'ú' => 'u',
			'û' => 'u',
			'ü' => 'u',
			'ý' => 'y',
			'þ' => 'th',
			'ÿ' => 'y',
			'Ø' => 'O',
			// Decompositions for Latin Extended-A.
			'Ā' => 'A',
			'ā' => 'a',
			'Ă' => 'A',
			'ă' => 'a',
			'Ą' => 'A',
			'ą' => 'a',
			'Ć' => 'C',
			'ć' => 'c',
			'Ĉ' => 'C',
			'ĉ' => 'c',
			'Ċ' => 'C',
			'ċ' => 'c',
			'Č' => 'C',
			'č' => 'c',
			'Ď' => 'D',
			'ď' => 'd',
			'Đ' => 'D',
			'đ' => 'd',
			'Ē' => 'E',
			'ē' => 'e',
			'Ĕ' => 'E',
			'ĕ' => 'e',
			'Ė' => 'E',
			'ė' => 'e',
			'Ę' => 'E',
			'ę' => 'e',
			'Ě' => 'E',
			'ě' => 'e',
			'Ĝ' => 'G',
			'ĝ' => 'g',
			'Ğ' => 'G',
			'ğ' => 'g',
			'Ġ' => 'G',
			'ġ' => 'g',
			'Ģ' => 'G',
			'ģ' => 'g',
			'Ĥ' => 'H',
			'ĥ' => 'h',
			'Ħ' => 'H',
			'ħ' => 'h',
			'Ĩ' => 'I',
			'ĩ' => 'i',
			'Ī' => 'I',
			'ī' => 'i',
			'Ĭ' => 'I',
			'ĭ' => 'i',
			'Į' => 'I',
			'į' => 'i',
			'İ' => 'I',
			'ı' => 'i',
			'Ĳ' => 'IJ',
			'ĳ' => 'ij',
			'Ĵ' => 'J',
			'ĵ' => 'j',
			'Ķ' => 'K',
			'ķ' => 'k',
			'ĸ' => 'k',
			'Ĺ' => 'L',
			'ĺ' => 'l',
			'Ļ' => 'L',
			'ļ' => 'l',
			'Ľ' => 'L',
			'ľ' => 'l',
			'Ŀ' => 'L',
			'ŀ' => 'l',
			'Ł' => 'L',
			'ł' => 'l',
			'Ń' => 'N',
			'ń' => 'n',
			'Ņ' => 'N',
			'ņ' => 'n',
			'Ň' => 'N',
			'ň' => 'n',
			'ŉ' => 'n',
			'Ŋ' => 'N',
			'ŋ' => 'n',
			'Ō' => 'O',
			'ō' => 'o',
			'Ŏ' => 'O',
			'ŏ' => 'o',
			'Ő' => 'O',
			'ő' => 'o',
			'Œ' => 'OE',
			'œ' => 'oe',
			'Ŕ' => 'R',
			'ŕ' => 'r',
			'Ŗ' => 'R',
			'ŗ' => 'r',
			'Ř' => 'R',
			'ř' => 'r',
			'Ś' => 'S',
			'ś' => 's',
			'Ŝ' => 'S',
			'ŝ' => 's',
			'Ş' => 'S',
			'ş' => 's',
			'Š' => 'S',
			'š' => 's',
			'Ţ' => 'T',
			'ţ' => 't',
			'Ť' => 'T',
			'ť' => 't',
			'Ŧ' => 'T',
			'ŧ' => 't',
			'Ũ' => 'U',
			'ũ' => 'u',
			'Ū' => 'U',
			'ū' => 'u',
			'Ŭ' => 'U',
			'ŭ' => 'u',
			'Ů' => 'U',
			'ů' => 'u',
			'Ű' => 'U',
			'ű' => 'u',
			'Ų' => 'U',
			'ų' => 'u',
			'Ŵ' => 'W',
			'ŵ' => 'w',
			'Ŷ' => 'Y',
			'ŷ' => 'y',
			'Ÿ' => 'Y',
			'Ź' => 'Z',
			'ź' => 'z',
			'Ż' => 'Z',
			'ż' => 'z',
			'Ž' => 'Z',
			'ž' => 'z',
			'ſ' => 's',
			// Decompositions for Latin Extended-B.
			'Ə' => 'E',
			'ǝ' => 'e',
			'Ș' => 'S',
			'ș' => 's',
			'Ț' => 'T',
			'ț' => 't',
			// Euro sign.
			'€' => 'E',
			// GBP (Pound) sign.
			'£' => '',
			// Vowels with diacritic (Vietnamese). Unmarked.
			'Ơ' => 'O',
			'ơ' => 'o',
			'Ư' => 'U',
			'ư' => 'u',
			// Grave accent.
			'Ầ' => 'A',
			'ầ' => 'a',
			'Ằ' => 'A',
			'ằ' => 'a',
			'Ề' => 'E',
			'ề' => 'e',
			'Ồ' => 'O',
			'ồ' => 'o',
			'Ờ' => 'O',
			'ờ' => 'o',
			'Ừ' => 'U',
			'ừ' => 'u',
			'Ỳ' => 'Y',
			'ỳ' => 'y',
			// Hook.
			'Ả' => 'A',
			'ả' => 'a',
			'Ẩ' => 'A',
			'ẩ' => 'a',
			'Ẳ' => 'A',
			'ẳ' => 'a',
			'Ẻ' => 'E',
			'ẻ' => 'e',
			'Ể' => 'E',
			'ể' => 'e',
			'Ỉ' => 'I',
			'ỉ' => 'i',
			'Ỏ' => 'O',
			'ỏ' => 'o',
			'Ổ' => 'O',
			'ổ' => 'o',
			'Ở' => 'O',
			'ở' => 'o',
			'Ủ' => 'U',
			'ủ' => 'u',
			'Ử' => 'U',
			'ử' => 'u',
			'Ỷ' => 'Y',
			'ỷ' => 'y',
			// Tilde.
			'Ẫ' => 'A',
			'ẫ' => 'a',
			'Ẵ' => 'A',
			'ẵ' => 'a',
			'Ẽ' => 'E',
			'ẽ' => 'e',
			'Ễ' => 'E',
			'ễ' => 'e',
			'Ỗ' => 'O',
			'ỗ' => 'o',
			'Ỡ' => 'O',
			'ỡ' => 'o',
			'Ữ' => 'U',
			'ữ' => 'u',
			'Ỹ' => 'Y',
			'ỹ' => 'y',
			// Acute accent.
			'Ấ' => 'A',
			'ấ' => 'a',
			'Ắ' => 'A',
			'ắ' => 'a',
			'Ế' => 'E',
			'ế' => 'e',
			'Ố' => 'O',
			'ố' => 'o',
			'Ớ' => 'O',
			'ớ' => 'o',
			'Ứ' => 'U',
			'ứ' => 'u',
			// Dot below.
			'Ạ' => 'A',
			'ạ' => 'a',
			'Ậ' => 'A',
			'ậ' => 'a',
			'Ặ' => 'A',
			'ặ' => 'a',
			'Ẹ' => 'E',
			'ẹ' => 'e',
			'Ệ' => 'E',
			'ệ' => 'e',
			'Ị' => 'I',
			'ị' => 'i',
			'Ọ' => 'O',
			'ọ' => 'o',
			'Ộ' => 'O',
			'ộ' => 'o',
			'Ợ' => 'O',
			'ợ' => 'o',
			'Ụ' => 'U',
			'ụ' => 'u',
			'Ự' => 'U',
			'ự' => 'u',
			'Ỵ' => 'Y',
			'ỵ' => 'y',
			// Vowels with diacritic (Chinese, Hanyu Pinyin).
			'ɑ' => 'a',
			// Macron.
			'Ǖ' => 'U',
			'ǖ' => 'u',
			// Acute accent.
			'Ǘ' => 'U',
			'ǘ' => 'u',
			// Caron.
			'Ǎ' => 'A',
			'ǎ' => 'a',
			'Ǐ' => 'I',
			'ǐ' => 'i',
			'Ǒ' => 'O',
			'ǒ' => 'o',
			'Ǔ' => 'U',
			'ǔ' => 'u',
			'Ǚ' => 'U',
			'ǚ' => 'u',
			// Grave accent.
			'Ǜ' => 'U',
			'ǜ' => 'u',
		);

		// Used for locale-specific rules.
		if ( empty( $locale ) ) {
			$locale = get_locale();
		}

		/*
		 * German has various locales (de_DE, de_CH, de_AT, ...) with formal and informal variants.
		 * There is no 3-letter locale like 'def', so checking for 'de' instead of 'de_' is safe,
		 * since 'de' itself would be a valid locale too.
		 */
		if ( str_starts_with( $locale, 'de' ) ) {
			$chars['Ä'] = 'Ae';
			$chars['ä'] = 'ae';
			$chars['Ö'] = 'Oe';
			$chars['ö'] = 'oe';
			$chars['Ü'] = 'Ue';
			$chars['ü'] = 'ue';
			$chars['ẞ'] = 'SS';
			$chars['ß'] = 'ss';
		} elseif ( 'da_DK' === $locale ) {
			$chars['Æ'] = 'Ae';
			$chars['æ'] = 'ae';
			$chars['Ø'] = 'Oe';
			$chars['ø'] = 'oe';
			$chars['Å'] = 'Aa';
			$chars['å'] = 'aa';
		} elseif ( 'ca' === $locale ) {
			$chars['l·l'] = 'll';
		} elseif ( 'sr_RS' === $locale || 'bs_BA' === $locale ) {
			$chars['Đ'] = 'DJ';
			$chars['đ'] = 'dj';
		}

		$text = strtr( $text, $chars );
	} else {
		$chars = array();
		// Assume ISO-8859-1 if not UTF-8.
		$chars['in'] = "\x80\x83\x8a\x8e\x9a\x9e"
			. "\x9f\xa2\xa5\xb5\xc0\xc1\xc2"
			. "\xc3\xc4\xc5\xc7\xc8\xc9\xca"
			. "\xcb\xcc\xcd\xce\xcf\xd1\xd2"
			. "\xd3\xd4\xd5\xd6\xd8\xd9\xda"
			. "\xdb\xdc\xdd\xe0\xe1\xe2\xe3"
			. "\xe4\xe5\xe7\xe8\xe9\xea\xeb"
			. "\xec\xed\xee\xef\xf1\xf2\xf3"
			. "\xf4\xf5\xf6\xf8\xf9\xfa\xfb"
			. "\xfc\xfd\xff";

		$chars['out'] = 'EfSZszYcYuAAAAAACEEEEIIIINOOOOOOUUUUYaaaaaaceeeeiiiinoooooouuuuyy';

		$text                = strtr( $text, $chars['in'], $chars['out'] );
		$double_chars        = array();
		$double_chars['in']  = array( "\x8c", "\x9c", "\xc6", "\xd0", "\xde", "\xdf", "\xe6", "\xf0", "\xfe" );
		$double_chars['out'] = array( 'OE', 'oe', 'AE', 'DH', 'TH', 'ss', 'ae', 'dh', 'th' );
		$text                = str_replace( $double_chars['in'], $double_chars['out'], $text );
	}

	return $text;
}

/**
 * Sanitizes a filename, replacing whitespace with dashes.
 *
 * Removes special characters that are illegal in filenames on certain
 * operating systems and special characters requiring special escaping
 * to manipulate at the command line. Replaces spaces and consecutive
 * dashes with a single dash. Trims period, dash and underscore from beginning
 * and end of filename. It is not guaranteed that this function will return a
 * filename that is allowed to be uploaded.
 *
 * @since 2.1.0
 *
 * @param string $filename The filename to be sanitized.
 * @return string The sanitized filename.
 */
function sanitize_file_name( $filename ) {
	$filename_raw = $filename;
	$filename     = remove_accents( $filename );

	$special_chars = array( '?', '[', ']', '/', '\\', '=', '<', '>', ':', ';', ',', "'", '"', '&', '$', '#', '*', '(', ')', '|', '~', '`', '!', '{', '}', '%', '+', '’', '«', '»', '”', '“', chr( 0 ) );

	if ( ! wp_is_valid_utf8( $filename ) ) {
		$_ext     = pathinfo( $filename, PATHINFO_EXTENSION );
		$_name    = pathinfo( $filename, PATHINFO_FILENAME );
		$filename = sanitize_title_with_dashes( $_name ) . '.' . $_ext;
	}

	if ( _wp_can_use_pcre_u() ) {
		/**
		 * Replace all whitespace characters with a basic space (U+0020).
		 *
		 * The “Zs” in the pattern selects characters in the `Space_Separator`
		 * category, which is what Unicode considers space characters.
		 *
		 * @see https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/#General_Category_Values
		 * @see https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode16.0.0/core-spec/chapter-6/#G17548
		 * @see https://www.php.net/manual/en/regexp.reference.unicode.php
		 */
		$filename = preg_replace( '#\p{Zs}#siu', ' ', $filename );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the list of characters to remove from a filename.
	 *
	 * @since 2.8.0
	 *
	 * @param string[] $special_chars Array of characters to remove.
	 * @param string   $filename_raw  The original filename to be sanitized.
	 */
	$special_chars = apply_filters( 'sanitize_file_name_chars', $special_chars, $filename_raw );

	$filename = str_replace( $special_chars, '', $filename );
	$filename = str_replace( array( '%20', '+' ), '-', $filename );
	$filename = preg_replace( '/\.{2,}/', '.', $filename );
	$filename = preg_replace( '/[\r\n\t -]+/', '-', $filename );
	$filename = trim( $filename, '.-_' );

	if ( ! str_contains( $filename, '.' ) ) {
		$mime_types = wp_get_mime_types();
		$filetype   = wp_check_filetype( 'test.' . $filename, $mime_types );
		if ( $filetype['ext'] === $filename ) {
			$filename = 'unnamed-file.' . $filetype['ext'];
		}
	}

	// Split the filename into a base and extension[s].
	$parts = explode( '.', $filename );

	// Return if only one extension.
	if ( count( $parts ) <= 2 ) {
		/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/formatting.php */
		return apply_filters( 'sanitize_file_name', $filename, $filename_raw );
	}

	// Process multiple extensions.
	$filename  = array_shift( $parts );
	$extension = array_pop( $parts );
	$mimes     = get_allowed_mime_types();

	/*
	 * Loop over any intermediate extensions. Postfix them with a trailing underscore
	 * if they are a 2 - 5 character long alpha string not in the allowed extension list.
	 */
	foreach ( (array) $parts as $part ) {
		$filename .= '.' . $part;

		if ( preg_match( '/^[a-zA-Z]{2,5}\d?$/', $part ) ) {
			$allowed = false;
			foreach ( $mimes as $ext_preg => $mime_match ) {
				$ext_preg = '!^(' . $ext_preg . ')$!i';
				if ( preg_match( $ext_preg, $part ) ) {
					$allowed = true;
					break;
				}
			}
			if ( ! $allowed ) {
				$filename .= '_';
			}
		}
	}

	$filename .= '.' . $extension;

	/**
	 * Filters a sanitized filename string.
	 *
	 * @since 2.8.0
	 *
	 * @param string $filename     Sanitized filename.
	 * @param string $filename_raw The filename prior to sanitization.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'sanitize_file_name', $filename, $filename_raw );
}

/**
 * Sanitizes a username, stripping out unsafe characters.
 *
 * Removes tags, percent-encoded characters, HTML entities, and if strict is enabled,
 * will only keep alphanumeric, _, space, ., -, @. After sanitizing, it passes the username,
 * raw username (the username in the parameter), and the value of $strict as parameters
 * for the {@see 'sanitize_user'} filter.
 *
 * @since 2.0.0
 *
 * @param string $username The username to be sanitized.
 * @param bool   $strict   Optional. If set to true, limits $username to specific characters.
 *                         Default false.
 * @return string The sanitized username, after passing through filters.
 */
function sanitize_user( $username, $strict = false ) {
	$raw_username = $username;
	$username     = wp_strip_all_tags( $username );
	$username     = remove_accents( $username );
	// Remove percent-encoded characters.
	$username = preg_replace( '|%([a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])|', '', $username );
	// Remove HTML entities.
	$username = preg_replace( '/&.+?;/', '', $username );

	// If strict, reduce to ASCII for max portability.
	if ( $strict ) {
		$username = preg_replace( '|[^a-z0-9 _.\-@]|i', '', $username );
	}

	$username = trim( $username );
	// Consolidate contiguous whitespace.
	$username = preg_replace( '|\s+|', ' ', $username );

	/**
	 * Filters a sanitized username string.
	 *
	 * @since 2.0.1
	 *
	 * @param string $username     Sanitized username.
	 * @param string $raw_username The username prior to sanitization.
	 * @param bool   $strict       Whether to limit the sanitization to specific characters.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'sanitize_user', $username, $raw_username, $strict );
}

/**
 * Sanitizes a string key.
 *
 * Keys are used as internal identifiers. Lowercase alphanumeric characters,
 * dashes, and underscores are allowed.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 *
 * @param string $key String key.
 * @return string Sanitized key.
 * @phpstan-return lowercase-string
 */
function sanitize_key( $key ) {
	$sanitized_key = '';

	if ( is_scalar( $key ) ) {
		$sanitized_key = strtolower( $key );
		$sanitized_key = preg_replace( '/[^a-z0-9_\-]/', '', $sanitized_key );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters a sanitized key string.
	 *
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 *
	 * @param string $sanitized_key Sanitized key.
	 * @param string $key           The key prior to sanitization.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'sanitize_key', $sanitized_key, $key );
}

/**
 * Sanitizes a string into a slug, which can be used in URLs or HTML attributes.
 *
 * By default, converts accent characters to ASCII characters and further
 * limits the output to alphanumeric characters, underscore (_) and dash (-)
 * through the {@see 'sanitize_title'} filter.
 *
 * If `$title` is empty and `$fallback_title` is set, the latter will be used.
 *
 * @since 1.0.0
 *
 * @param string $title          The string to be sanitized.
 * @param string $fallback_title Optional. A title to use if $title is empty. Default empty.
 * @param string $context        Optional. The operation for which the string is sanitized.
 *                               When set to 'save', the string runs through remove_accents().
 *                               Default 'save'.
 * @return string The sanitized string.
 */
function sanitize_title( $title, $fallback_title = '', $context = 'save' ) {
	$raw_title = $title;

	if ( 'save' === $context ) {
		$title = remove_accents( $title );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters a sanitized title string.
	 *
	 * @since 1.2.0
	 *
	 * @param string $title     Sanitized title.
	 * @param string $raw_title The title prior to sanitization.
	 * @param string $context   The context for which the title is being sanitized.
	 */
	$title = apply_filters( 'sanitize_title', $title, $raw_title, $context );

	if ( '' === $title || false === $title ) {
		$title = $fallback_title;
	}

	return $title;
}

/**
 * Sanitizes a title with the 'query' context.
 *
 * Used for querying the database for a value from URL.
 *
 * @since 3.1.0
 *
 * @param string $title The string to be sanitized.
 * @return string The sanitized string.
 */
function sanitize_title_for_query( $title ) {
	return sanitize_title( $title, '', 'query' );
}

/**
 * Sanitizes a title, replacing whitespace and a few other characters with dashes.
 *
 * Limits the output to alphanumeric characters, underscore (_) and dash (-).
 * Whitespace becomes a dash.
 *
 * @since 1.2.0
 *
 * @param string $title     The title to be sanitized.
 * @param string $raw_title Optional. Not used. Default empty.
 * @param string $context   Optional. The operation for which the string is sanitized.
 *                          When set to 'save', additional entities are converted to hyphens
 *                          or stripped entirely. Default 'display'.
 * @return string The sanitized title.
 */
function sanitize_title_with_dashes( $title, $raw_title = '', $context = 'display' ) {
	$title = strip_tags( $title );
	// Preserve escaped octets.
	$title = preg_replace( '|%([a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])|', '---$1---', $title );
	// Remove percent signs that are not part of an octet.
	$title = str_replace( '%', '', $title );
	// Restore octets.
	$title = preg_replace( '|---([a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])---|', '%$1', $title );

	if ( wp_is_valid_utf8( $title ) ) {
		if ( function_exists( 'mb_strtolower' ) ) {
			$title = mb_strtolower( $title, 'UTF-8' );
		}
		$title = utf8_uri_encode( $title, 200 );
	}

	$title = strtolower( $title );

	if ( 'save' === $context ) {
		// Convert  , non-breaking hyphen, &ndash, and &mdash to hyphens.
		$title = str_replace( array( '%c2%a0', '%e2%80%91', '%e2%80%93', '%e2%80%94' ), '-', $title );
		// Convert  , non-breaking hyphen, &ndash, and &mdash HTML entities to hyphens.
		$title = str_replace( array( ' ', '‑', ' ', '–', '–', '—', '—' ), '-', $title );
		// Convert forward slash to hyphen.
		$title = str_replace( '/', '-', $title );

		// Strip these characters entirely.
		$title = str_replace(
			array(
				// Soft hyphens.
				'%c2%ad',
				// ¡ and ¿.
				'%c2%a1',
				'%c2%bf',
				// Angle quotes.
				'%c2%ab',
				'%c2%bb',
				'%e2%80%b9',
				'%e2%80%ba',
				// Curly quotes.
				'%e2%80%98',
				'%e2%80%99',
				'%e2%80%9c',
				'%e2%80%9d',
				'%e2%80%9a',
				'%e2%80%9b',
				'%e2%80%9e',
				'%e2%80%9f',
				// Bullet.
				'%e2%80%a2',
				// ©, ®, °, &hellip, and &trade.
				'%c2%a9',
				'%c2%ae',
				'%c2%b0',
				'%e2%80%a6',
				'%e2%84%a2',
				// Acute accents.
				'%c2%b4',
				'%cb%8a',
				'%cc%81',
				'%cd%81',
				// Grave accent, macron, caron.
				'%cc%80',
				'%cc%84',
				'%cc%8c',
				// Non-visible characters that display without a width.
				'%e2%80%8b', // Zero width space.
				'%e2%80%8c', // Zero width non-joiner.
				'%e2%80%8d', // Zero width joiner.
				'%e2%80%8e', // Left-to-right mark.
				'%e2%80%8f', // Right-to-left mark.
				'%e2%80%aa', // Left-to-right embedding.
				'%e2%80%ab', // Right-to-left embedding.
				'%e2%80%ac', // Pop directional formatting.
				'%e2%80%ad', // Left-to-right override.
				'%e2%80%ae', // Right-to-left override.
				'%ef%bb%bf', // Byte order mark.
				'%ef%bf%bc', // Object replacement character.
			),
			'',
			$title
		);

		// Convert non-visible characters that display with a width to hyphen.
		$title = str_replace(
			array(
				'%e2%80%80', // En quad.
				'%e2%80%81', // Em quad.
				'%e2%80%82', // En space.
				'%e2%80%83', // Em space.
				'%e2%80%84', // Three-per-em space.
				'%e2%80%85', // Four-per-em space.
				'%e2%80%86', // Six-per-em space.
				'%e2%80%87', // Figure space.
				'%e2%80%88', // Punctuation space.
				'%e2%80%89', // Thin space.
				'%e2%80%8a', // Hair space.
				'%e2%80%a8', // Line separator.
				'%e2%80%a9', // Paragraph separator.
				'%e2%80%af', // Narrow no-break space.
			),
			'-',
			$title
		);

		// Convert × to 'x'.
		$title = str_replace( '%c3%97', 'x', $title );
	}

	// Remove HTML entities.
	$title = preg_replace( '/&.+?;/', '', $title );
	$title = str_replace( '.', '-', $title );

	$title = preg_replace( '/[^%a-z0-9 _-]/', '', $title );
	$title = preg_replace( '/\s+/', '-', $title );
	$title = preg_replace( '|-+|', '-', $title );
	$title = trim( $title, '-' );

	return $title;
}

/**
 * Ensures a string is a valid SQL 'order by' clause.
 *
 * Accepts one or more columns, with or without a sort order (ASC / DESC).
 * e.g. 'column_1', 'column_1, column_2', 'column_1 ASC, column_2 DESC' etc.
 *
 * Also accepts 'RAND()'.
 *
 * @since 2.5.1
 *
 * @param string $orderby Order by clause to be validated.
 * @return string|false Returns $orderby if valid, false otherwise.
 */
function sanitize_sql_orderby( $orderby ) {
	if ( preg_match( '/^\s*(([a-z0-9_]+|`[a-z0-9_]+`)(\s+(ASC|DESC))?\s*(,\s*(?=[a-z0-9_`])|$))+$/i', $orderby ) || preg_match( '/^\s*RAND\(\s*\)\s*$/i', $orderby ) ) {
		return $orderby;
	}
	return false;
}

/**
 * Sanitizes an HTML classname to ensure it only contains valid characters.
 *
 * Strips the string down to A-Z,a-z,0-9,_,-. If this results in an empty
 * string then it will return the alternative value supplied.
 *
 * @todo Expand to support the full range of CDATA that a class attribute can contain.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 *
 * @param string $classname The classname to be sanitized.
 * @param string $fallback  Optional. The value to return if the sanitization ends up as an empty string.
 *                          Default empty string.
 * @return string The sanitized value.
 */
function sanitize_html_class( $classname, $fallback = '' ) {
	// Strip out any percent-encoded characters.
	$sanitized = preg_replace( '|%[a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9]|', '', $classname );

	// Limit to A-Z, a-z, 0-9, '_', '-'.
	$sanitized = preg_replace( '/[^A-Za-z0-9_-]/', '', $sanitized );

	if ( '' === $sanitized && $fallback ) {
		return sanitize_html_class( $fallback );
	}
	/**
	 * Filters a sanitized HTML class string.
	 *
	 * @since 2.8.0
	 *
	 * @param string $sanitized The sanitized HTML class.
	 * @param string $classname HTML class before sanitization.
	 * @param string $fallback  The fallback string.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'sanitize_html_class', $sanitized, $classname, $fallback );
}

/**
 * Strips out all characters not allowed in a locale name.
 *
 * @since 6.2.1
 *
 * @param string $locale_name The locale name to be sanitized.
 * @return string The sanitized value.
 */
function sanitize_locale_name( $locale_name ) {
	// Limit to A-Z, a-z, 0-9, '_', '-'.
	$sanitized = preg_replace( '/[^A-Za-z0-9_-]/', '', $locale_name );

	/**
	 * Filters a sanitized locale name string.
	 *
	 * @since 6.2.1
	 *
	 * @param string $sanitized   The sanitized locale name.
	 * @param string $locale_name The locale name before sanitization.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'sanitize_locale_name', $sanitized, $locale_name );
}

/**
 * Converts lone & characters into `&` (a.k.a. `&`)
 *
 * @since 0.71
 *
 * @param string $content    String of characters to be converted.
 * @param string $deprecated Not used.
 * @return string Converted string.
 */
function convert_chars( $content, $deprecated = '' ) {
	if ( ! empty( $deprecated ) ) {
		_deprecated_argument( __FUNCTION__, '0.71' );
	}

	if ( str_contains( $content, '&' ) ) {
		$content = preg_replace( '/&([^#])(?![a-z1-4]{1,8};)/i', '&$1', $content );
	}

	return $content;
}

/**
 * Converts invalid Unicode references range to valid range.
 *
 * @since 4.3.0
 *
 * @param string $content String with entities that need converting.
 * @return string Converted string.
 */
function convert_invalid_entities( $content ) {
	$wp_htmltranswinuni = array(
		'€' => '€', // The Euro sign.
		'' => '',
		'‚' => '‚', // These are Windows CP1252 specific characters.
		'ƒ' => 'ƒ',  // They would look weird on non-Windows browsers.
		'„' => '„',
		'…' => '…',
		'†' => '†',
		'‡' => '‡',
		'ˆ' => 'ˆ',
		'‰' => '‰',
		'Š' => 'Š',
		'‹' => '‹',
		'Œ' => 'Œ',
		'' => '',
		'Ž' => 'Ž',
		'' => '',
		'' => '',
		'‘' => '‘',
		'’' => '’',
		'“' => '“',
		'”' => '”',
		'•' => '•',
		'–' => '–',
		'—' => '—',
		'˜' => '˜',
		'™' => '™',
		'š' => 'š',
		'›' => '›',
		'œ' => 'œ',
		'' => '',
		'ž' => 'ž',
		'Ÿ' => 'Ÿ',
	);

	if ( str_contains( $content, '' ) ) {
		$content = strtr( $content, $wp_htmltranswinuni );
	}

	return $content;
}

/**
 * Balances tags if forced to, or if the 'use_balanceTags' option is set to true.
 *
 * @since 0.71
 *
 * @param string $text  Text to be balanced.
 * @param bool   $force If true, forces balancing, ignoring the value of the option. Default false.
 * @return string Balanced text.
 */
function balanceTags( $text, $force = false ) {  // phpcs:ignore WordPress.NamingConventions.ValidFunctionName.FunctionNameInvalid
	if ( $force || 1 === (int) get_option( 'use_balanceTags' ) ) {
		return force_balance_tags( $text );
	} else {
		return $text;
	}
}

/**
 * Balances tags of string using a modified stack.
 *
 * {@internal Modified by Scott Reilly (coffee2code) 02 Aug 2004
 *      1.1  Fixed handling of append/stack pop order of end text
 *           Added Cleaning Hooks
 *      1.0  First Version}
 *
 * @since 2.0.4
 * @since 5.3.0 Improve accuracy and add support for custom element tags.
 *
 * @author Leonard Lin 
 * @license GPL
 * @copyright November 4, 2001
 * @version 1.1
 * @todo Make better - change loop condition to $text in 1.2
 *
 * @param string $text Text to be balanced.
 * @return string Balanced text.
 */
function force_balance_tags( $text ) {
	$tagstack  = array();
	$stacksize = 0;
	$tagqueue  = '';
	$newtext   = '';
	// Known single-entity/self-closing tags.
	$single_tags = array( 'area', 'base', 'basefont', 'br', 'col', 'command', 'embed', 'frame', 'hr', 'img', 'input', 'isindex', 'link', 'meta', 'param', 'source', 'track', 'wbr' );
	// Tags that can be immediately nested within themselves.
	$nestable_tags = array( 'article', 'aside', 'blockquote', 'details', 'div', 'figure', 'object', 'q', 'section', 'span' );

	// WP bug fix for comments - in case you REALLY meant to type '< !--'.
	$text = str_replace( '< !--', '<    !--', $text );
	// WP bug fix for LOVE <3 (and other situations with '<' before a number).
	$text = preg_replace( '#<([0-9]{1})#', '<$1', $text );

	/**
	 * Matches supported tags.
	 *
	 * To get the pattern as a string without the comments paste into a PHP
	 * REPL like `php -a`.
	 *
	 * @see https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#elements-2
	 * @see https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/custom-elements.html#valid-custom-element-name
	 *
	 * @example
	 * ~# php -a
	 * php > $s = [paste copied contents of expression below including parentheses];
	 * php > echo $s;
	 */
	$tag_pattern = (
		'#<' . // Start with an opening bracket.
		'(/?)' . // Group 1 - If it's a closing tag it'll have a leading slash.
		'(' . // Group 2 - Tag name.
			// Custom element tags have more lenient rules than HTML tag names.
			'(?:[a-z](?:[a-z0-9._]*)-(?:[a-z0-9._-]+)+)' .
				'|' .
			// Traditional tag rules approximate HTML tag names.
			'(?:[\w:]+)' .
		')' .
		'(?:' .
			// We either immediately close the tag with its '>' and have nothing here.
			'\s*' .
			'(/?)' . // Group 3 - "attributes" for empty tag.
				'|' .
			// Or we must start with space characters to separate the tag name from the attributes (or whitespace).
			'(\s+)' . // Group 4 - Pre-attribute whitespace.
			'([^>]*)' . // Group 5 - Attributes.
		')' .
		'>#' // End with a closing bracket.
	);

	while ( preg_match( $tag_pattern, $text, $regex ) ) {
		$full_match        = $regex[0];
		$has_leading_slash = ! empty( $regex[1] );
		$tag_name          = $regex[2];
		$tag               = strtolower( $tag_name );
		$is_single_tag     = in_array( $tag, $single_tags, true );
		$pre_attribute_ws  = $regex[4] ?? '';
		$attributes        = trim( $regex[5] ?? $regex[3] );
		$has_self_closer   = str_ends_with( $attributes, '/' );

		$newtext .= $tagqueue;

		$i = strpos( $text, $full_match );
		$l = strlen( $full_match );

		// Clear the shifter.
		$tagqueue = '';
		if ( $has_leading_slash ) { // End tag.
			// If too many closing tags.
			if ( $stacksize <= 0 ) {
				$tag = '';
				// Or close to be safe $tag = '/' . $tag.

				// If stacktop value = tag close value, then pop.
			} elseif ( $tagstack[ $stacksize - 1 ] === $tag ) { // Found closing tag.
				$tag = ''; // Close tag.
				array_pop( $tagstack );
				--$stacksize;
			} else { // Closing tag not at top, search for it.
				for ( $j = $stacksize - 1; $j >= 0; $j-- ) {
					if ( $tagstack[ $j ] === $tag ) {
						// Add tag to tagqueue.
						for ( $k = $stacksize - 1; $k >= $j; $k-- ) {
							$tagqueue .= '';
							--$stacksize;
						}
						break;
					}
				}
				$tag = '';
			}
		} else { // Begin tag.
			if ( $has_self_closer ) {
				/*
				 * If it presents itself as a self-closing tag, but it isn't a known single-entity self-closing tag,
				 * then don't let it be treated as such and immediately close it with a closing tag.
				 * The tag will encapsulate no text as a result.
				 */
				if ( ! $is_single_tag ) {
					$attributes = trim( substr( $attributes, 0, -1 ) ) . "> 0 && ! in_array( $tag, $nestable_tags, true ) && $tagstack[ $stacksize - 1 ] === $tag ) {
					$tagqueue = '';
					--$stacksize;
				}
				$stacksize = array_push( $tagstack, $tag );
			}

			// Attributes.
			if ( $has_self_closer && $is_single_tag ) {
				// We need some space - avoid 
 and prefer 
.
				$pre_attribute_ws = ' ';
			}

			$tag = '<' . $tag . $pre_attribute_ws . $attributes . '>';
			// If already queuing a close tag, then put this tag on too.
			if ( ! empty( $tagqueue ) ) {
				$tagqueue .= $tag;
				$tag       = '';
			}
		}
		$newtext .= substr( $text, 0, $i ) . $tag;
		$text     = substr( $text, $i + $l );
	}

	// Clear tag queue.
	$newtext .= $tagqueue;

	// Add remaining text.
	$newtext .= $text;

	while ( $x = array_pop( $tagstack ) ) {
		$newtext .= ''; // Add remaining tags to close.
	}

	// WP fix for the bug with HTML comments.
	$newtext = str_replace( '< !--', ' ' ) );

	// Collapse line breaks before and after ', $text );
	}

	/*
	 * Collapse line breaks inside ' ) ) {
		$text = preg_replace( '|(]*>)\s*|', '$1', $text );
		$text = preg_replace( '|\s*|', '', $text );
		$text = preg_replace( '%\s*(]*>)\s*%', '$1', $text );
	}

	/*
	 * Collapse line breaks inside 
 elements.
	if ( str_contains( $text, ']*>)|', '$1', $text );
		$text = preg_replace( '|\s*|', '', $text );
	}

	// Remove more than two contiguous line breaks.
	$text = preg_replace( "/\n\n+/", "\n\n", $text );

	// Split up the contents into an array of strings, separated by double line breaks.
	$paragraphs = preg_split( '/\n\s*\n/', $text, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY );

	// Reset $text prior to rebuilding.
	$text = '';

	// Rebuild the content as a string, wrapping every bit with a .
	foreach ( $paragraphs as $paragraph ) {
		$text .= '
' . trim( $paragraph, "\n" ) . "\n";
	}

	// Under certain strange conditions it could create a P of entirely whitespace.
	$text = preg_replace( '|\s*|', '', $text );

	// Add a closing  inside 
, , or  tag if missing.
	$text = preg_replace( '!([^<]+)!', '
$1
', $text );

	// If an opening or closing block element tag is wrapped in a , unwrap it.
	$text = preg_replace( '!
\s*(]*>)\s*!', '$1', $text );

	// In some cases  may get wrapped in , fix them.
	$text = preg_replace( '|
(|', '$1', $text );

	// If a 
 is wrapped with a , move it inside the 
.
	$text = preg_replace( '|]*)>|i', '
', $text );
	$text = str_replace( '
', '', $text );

	// If an opening or closing block element tag is preceded by an opening  tag, remove it.
	$text = preg_replace( '!
\s*(]*>)!', '$1', $text );

	// If an opening or closing block element tag is followed by a closing 
 tag, remove it.
	$text = preg_replace( '!(]*>)\s*!', '$1', $text );

	// Optionally insert line breaks.
	if ( $br ) {
		// Replace newlines that shouldn't be touched with a placeholder.
		$text = preg_replace_callback( '/<(script|style|svg|math).*?<\/\\1>/s', '_autop_newline_preservation_helper', $text );

		// Normalize 
.
		$text = str_replace( array( '
', '
' ), '
', $text );

		// Replace any new line characters that aren't preceded by a 
 with a 
.
		$text = preg_replace( '|(?)\s*\n|', "
\n", $text );

		// Replace newline placeholders with newlines.
		$text = str_replace( '', "\n", $text );
	}

	// If a 
 tag is after an opening or closing block tag, remove it.
	$text = preg_replace( '!(]*>)\s*
!', '$1', $text );

	// If a 
 tag is before a subset of opening or closing block tags, remove it.
	$text = preg_replace( '!
(\s*]*>)!', '$1', $text );
	$text = preg_replace( "|\n
$|", '', $text );

	// Replace placeholder  tags with their original content.
	if ( ! empty( $pre_tags ) ) {
		$text = str_replace( array_keys( $pre_tags ), array_values( $pre_tags ), $text );
	}

	// Restore newlines in all elements.
	if ( str_contains( $text, '' ) ) {
		$text = str_replace( array( '  ', '' ), "\n", $text );
	}

	return $text;
}

/**
 * Separates HTML elements and comments from the text.
 *
 * @since 4.2.4
 *
 * @param string $input The text which has to be formatted.
 * @return string[] Array of the formatted text.
 */
function wp_html_split( $input ) {
	return preg_split( get_html_split_regex(), $input, -1, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE );
}

/**
 * Retrieves the regular expression for an HTML element.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @return string The regular expression.
 */
function get_html_split_regex() {
	static $regex;

	if ( ! isset( $regex ) ) {
		// phpcs:disable Squiz.Strings.ConcatenationSpacing.PaddingFound -- don't remove regex indentation
		$comments =
			'!'             // Start of comment, after the <.
			. '(?:'         // Unroll the loop: Consume everything until --> is found.
			.     '-(?!->)' // Dash not followed by end of comment.
			.     '[^\-]*+' // Consume non-dashes.
			. ')*+'         // Loop possessively.
			. '(?:-->)?';   // End of comment. If not found, match all input.

		$cdata =
			'!\[CDATA\['    // Start of comment, after the <.
			. '[^\]]*+'     // Consume non-].
			. '(?:'         // Unroll the loop: Consume everything until ]]> is found.
			.     '](?!]>)' // One ] not followed by end of comment.
			.     '[^\]]*+' // Consume non-].
			. ')*+'         // Loop possessively.
			. '(?:]]>)?';   // End of comment. If not found, match all input.

		$escaped =
			'(?='             // Is the element escaped?
			.    '!--'
			. '|'
			.    '!\[CDATA\['
			. ')'
			. '(?(?=!-)'      // If yes, which type?
			.     $comments
			. '|'
			.     $cdata
			. ')';

		$regex =
			'/('                // Capture the entire match.
			.     '<'           // Find start of element.
			.     '(?'          // Conditional expression follows.
			.         $escaped  // Find end of escaped element.
			.     '|'           // ...else...
			.         '[^>]*>?' // Find end of normal element.
			.     ')'
			. ')/';
		// phpcs:enable
	}

	return $regex;
}

/**
 * Retrieves the combined regular expression for HTML and shortcodes.
 *
 * @access private
 * @ignore
 * @internal This function will be removed in 4.5.0 per Shortcode API Roadmap.
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @param string $shortcode_regex Optional. The result from _get_wptexturize_shortcode_regex().
 * @return string The regular expression.
 */
function _get_wptexturize_split_regex( $shortcode_regex = '' ) {
	static $html_regex;

	if ( ! isset( $html_regex ) ) {
		// phpcs:disable Squiz.Strings.ConcatenationSpacing.PaddingFound -- don't remove regex indentation
		$comment_regex =
			'!'             // Start of comment, after the <.
			. '(?:'         // Unroll the loop: Consume everything until --> is found.
			.     '-(?!->)' // Dash not followed by end of comment.
			.     '[^\-]*+' // Consume non-dashes.
			. ')*+'         // Loop possessively.
			. '(?:-->)?';   // End of comment. If not found, match all input.

		$html_regex = // Needs replaced with wp_html_split() per Shortcode API Roadmap.
			'<'                  // Find start of element.
			. '(?(?=!--)'        // Is this a comment?
			.     $comment_regex // Find end of comment.
			. '|'
			.     '[^>]*>?'      // Find end of element. If not found, match all input.
			. ')';
		// phpcs:enable
	}

	if ( empty( $shortcode_regex ) ) {
		$regex = '/(' . $html_regex . ')/';
	} else {
		$regex = '/(' . $html_regex . '|' . $shortcode_regex . ')/';
	}

	return $regex;
}

/**
 * Retrieves the regular expression for shortcodes.
 *
 * @access private
 * @ignore
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @param string[] $tagnames Array of shortcodes to find.
 * @return string The regular expression.
 */
function _get_wptexturize_shortcode_regex( $tagnames ) {
	$tagregexp = implode( '|', array_map( 'preg_quote', $tagnames ) );
	$tagregexp = "(?:$tagregexp)(?=[\\s\\]\\/])"; // Excerpt of get_shortcode_regex().
	// phpcs:disable Squiz.Strings.ConcatenationSpacing.PaddingFound -- don't remove regex indentation
	$regex =
		'\['                // Find start of shortcode.
		. '[\/\[]?'         // Shortcodes may begin with [/ or [[.
		. $tagregexp        // Only match registered shortcodes, because performance.
		. '(?:'
		.     '[^\[\]<>]+'  // Shortcodes do not contain other shortcodes. Quantifier critical.
		. '|'
		.     '<[^\[\]>]*>' // HTML elements permitted. Prevents matching ] before >.
		. ')*+'             // Possessive critical.
		. '\]'              // Find end of shortcode.
		. '\]?';            // Shortcodes may end with ]].
	// phpcs:enable

	return $regex;
}

/**
 * Replaces characters or phrases within HTML elements only.
 *
 * @since 4.2.3
 *
 * @param string $haystack      The text which has to be formatted.
 * @param array  $replace_pairs In the form array('from' => 'to', ...).
 * @return string The formatted text.
 */
function wp_replace_in_html_tags( $haystack, $replace_pairs ) {
	// Find all elements.
	$textarr = wp_html_split( $haystack );
	$changed = false;

	// Optimize when searching for one item.
	if ( 1 === count( $replace_pairs ) ) {
		// Extract $needle and $replace.
		$needle  = array_key_first( $replace_pairs );
		$replace = $replace_pairs[ $needle ];

		// Loop through delimiters (elements) only.
		for ( $i = 1, $c = count( $textarr ); $i < $c; $i += 2 ) {
			if ( str_contains( $textarr[ $i ], $needle ) ) {
				$textarr[ $i ] = str_replace( $needle, $replace, $textarr[ $i ] );
				$changed       = true;
			}
		}
	} else {
		// Extract all $needles.
		$needles = array_keys( $replace_pairs );

		// Loop through delimiters (elements) only.
		for ( $i = 1, $c = count( $textarr ); $i < $c; $i += 2 ) {
			foreach ( $needles as $needle ) {
				if ( str_contains( $textarr[ $i ], $needle ) ) {
					$textarr[ $i ] = strtr( $textarr[ $i ], $replace_pairs );
					$changed       = true;
					// After one strtr() break out of the foreach loop and look at next element.
					break;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	if ( $changed ) {
		$haystack = implode( $textarr );
	}

	return $haystack;
}

/**
 * Newline preservation help function for wpautop().
 *
 * @since 3.1.0
 * @access private
 *
 * @param array $matches preg_replace_callback matches array
 * @return string Text with newlines replaced with placeholders.
 */
function _autop_newline_preservation_helper( $matches ) {
	return str_replace( "\n", '', $matches[0] );
}

/**
 * Don't auto-p wrap shortcodes that stand alone.
 *
 * Ensures that shortcodes are not wrapped in `...`.
 *
 * @since 2.9.0
 *
 * @global array $shortcode_tags
 *
 * @param string $text The content.
 * @return string The filtered content.
 */
function shortcode_unautop( $text ) {
	global $shortcode_tags;

	if ( empty( $shortcode_tags ) || ! is_array( $shortcode_tags ) ) {
		return $text;
	}

	$tagregexp = implode( '|', array_map( 'preg_quote', array_keys( $shortcode_tags ) ) );
	$spaces    = wp_spaces_regexp();

	// phpcs:disable Squiz.Strings.ConcatenationSpacing.PaddingFound,Universal.WhiteSpace.PrecisionAlignment.Found -- don't remove regex indentation
	$pattern =
		'/'
		. ''                              // Opening paragraph.
		. '(?:' . $spaces . ')*+'            // Optional leading whitespace.
		. '('                                // 1: The shortcode.
		.     '\\['                          // Opening bracket.
		.     "($tagregexp)"                 // 2: Shortcode name.
		.     '(?![\\w-])'                   // Not followed by word character or hyphen.
											 // Unroll the loop: Inside the opening shortcode tag.
		.     '[^\\]\\/]*'                   // Not a closing bracket or forward slash.
		.     '(?:'
		.         '\\/(?!\\])'               // A forward slash not followed by a closing bracket.
		.         '[^\\]\\/]*'               // Not a closing bracket or forward slash.
		.     ')*?'
		.     '(?:'
		.         '\\/\\]'                   // Self closing tag and closing bracket.
		.     '|'
		.         '\\]'                      // Closing bracket.
		.         '(?:'                      // Unroll the loop: Optionally, anything between the opening and closing shortcode tags.
		.             '[^\\[]*+'             // Not an opening bracket.
		.             '(?:'
		.                 '\\[(?!\\/\\2\\])' // An opening bracket not followed by the closing shortcode tag.
		.                 '[^\\[]*+'         // Not an opening bracket.
		.             ')*+'
		.             '\\[\\/\\2\\]'         // Closing shortcode tag.
		.         ')?'
		.     ')'
		. ')'
		. '(?:' . $spaces . ')*+'            // Optional trailing whitespace.
		. '<\\/p>'                           // Closing paragraph.
		. '/';
	// phpcs:enable

	return preg_replace( $pattern, '$1', $text );
}

/**
 * Checks to see if a string is utf8 encoded.
 *
 * NOTE: This function checks for 5-Byte sequences, UTF8
 *       has Bytes Sequences with a maximum length of 4.
 *
 * @author bmorel at ssi dot fr (modified)
 * @since 1.2.1
 * @deprecated 6.9.0 Use {@see wp_is_valid_utf8()} instead.
 *
 * @param string $str The string to be checked.
 * @return bool True if $str fits a UTF-8 model, false otherwise.
 */
function seems_utf8( $str ) {
	_deprecated_function( __FUNCTION__, '6.9.0', 'wp_is_valid_utf8()' );

	mbstring_binary_safe_encoding();
	$length = strlen( $str );
	reset_mbstring_encoding();

	for ( $i = 0; $i < $length; $i++ ) {
		$c = ord( $str[ $i ] );

		if ( $c < 0x80 ) {
			$n = 0; // 0bbbbbbb
		} elseif ( ( $c & 0xE0 ) === 0xC0 ) {
			$n = 1; // 110bbbbb
		} elseif ( ( $c & 0xF0 ) === 0xE0 ) {
			$n = 2; // 1110bbbb
		} elseif ( ( $c & 0xF8 ) === 0xF0 ) {
			$n = 3; // 11110bbb
		} elseif ( ( $c & 0xFC ) === 0xF8 ) {
			$n = 4; // 111110bb
		} elseif ( ( $c & 0xFE ) === 0xFC ) {
			$n = 5; // 1111110b
		} else {
			return false; // Does not match any model.
		}

		for ( $j = 0; $j < $n; $j++ ) { // n bytes matching 10bbbbbb follow?
			if ( ( ++$i === $length ) || ( ( ord( $str[ $i ] ) & 0xC0 ) !== 0x80 ) ) {
				return false;
			}
		}
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Converts a number of special characters into their HTML entities.
 *
 * Specifically deals with: `&`, `<`, `>`, `"`, and `'`.
 *
 * `$quote_style` can be set to ENT_COMPAT to encode `"` to
 * `"`, or ENT_QUOTES to do both. Default is ENT_NOQUOTES where no quotes are encoded.
 *
 * @since 1.2.2
 * @since 5.5.0 `$quote_style` also accepts `ENT_XML1`.
 * @access private
 *
 * @param string       $text          The text which is to be encoded.
 * @param int|string   $quote_style   Optional. Converts double quotes if set to ENT_COMPAT,
 *                                    both single and double if set to ENT_QUOTES or none if set to ENT_NOQUOTES.
 *                                    Converts single and double quotes, as well as converting HTML
 *                                    named entities (that are not also XML named entities) to their
 *                                    code points if set to ENT_XML1. Also compatible with old values;
 *                                    converting single quotes if set to 'single',
 *                                    double if set to 'double' or both if otherwise set.
 *                                    Default is ENT_NOQUOTES.
 * @param false|string $charset       Optional. The character encoding of the string. Default false.
 * @param bool         $double_encode Optional. Whether to encode existing HTML entities. Default false.
 * @return string The encoded text with HTML entities.
 */
function _wp_specialchars( $text, $quote_style = ENT_NOQUOTES, $charset = false, $double_encode = false ) {
	$text = (string) $text;

	if ( 0 === strlen( $text ) ) {
		return '';
	}

	// Don't bother if there are no specialchars - saves some processing.
	if ( ! preg_match( '/[&<>"\']/', $text ) ) {
		return $text;
	}

	// Account for the previous behavior of the function when the $quote_style is not an accepted value.
	if ( empty( $quote_style ) ) {
		$quote_style = ENT_NOQUOTES;
	} elseif ( ENT_XML1 === $quote_style ) {
		$quote_style = ENT_QUOTES | ENT_XML1;
	} elseif ( ! in_array( $quote_style, array( ENT_NOQUOTES, ENT_COMPAT, ENT_QUOTES, 'single', 'double' ), true ) ) {
		$quote_style = ENT_QUOTES;
	}

	$charset = _canonical_charset( $charset ? $charset : get_option( 'blog_charset' ) );

	$_quote_style = $quote_style;

	if ( 'double' === $quote_style ) {
		$quote_style  = ENT_COMPAT;
		$_quote_style = ENT_COMPAT;
	} elseif ( 'single' === $quote_style ) {
		$quote_style = ENT_NOQUOTES;
	}

	if ( ! $double_encode ) {
		/*
		 * Guarantee every &entity; is valid, convert &garbage; into &garbage;
		 * This is required for PHP < 5.4.0 because ENT_HTML401 flag is unavailable.
		 */
		$text = wp_kses_normalize_entities( $text, ( $quote_style & ENT_XML1 ) ? 'xml' : 'html' );
	}

	$text = htmlspecialchars( $text, $quote_style, $charset, $double_encode );

	// Back-compat.
	if ( 'single' === $_quote_style ) {
		$text = str_replace( "'", ''', $text );
	}

	return $text;
}

/**
 * Converts a number of HTML entities into their special characters.
 *
 * Specifically deals with: `&`, `<`, `>`, `"`, and `'`.
 *
 * `$quote_style` can be set to ENT_COMPAT to decode `"` entities,
 * or ENT_QUOTES to do both `"` and `'`. Default is ENT_NOQUOTES where no quotes are decoded.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 *
 * @param string     $text        The text which is to be decoded.
 * @param string|int $quote_style Optional. Converts double quotes if set to ENT_COMPAT,
 *                                both single and double if set to ENT_QUOTES or
 *                                none if set to ENT_NOQUOTES.
 *                                Also compatible with old _wp_specialchars() values;
 *                                converting single quotes if set to 'single',
 *                                double if set to 'double' or both if otherwise set.
 *                                Default is ENT_NOQUOTES.
 * @return string The decoded text without HTML entities.
 */
function wp_specialchars_decode( $text, $quote_style = ENT_NOQUOTES ) {
	$text = (string) $text;

	if ( 0 === strlen( $text ) ) {
		return '';
	}

	// Don't bother if there are no entities - saves a lot of processing.
	if ( ! str_contains( $text, '&' ) ) {
		return $text;
	}

	// Match the previous behavior of _wp_specialchars() when the $quote_style is not an accepted value.
	if ( empty( $quote_style ) ) {
		$quote_style = ENT_NOQUOTES;
	} elseif ( ! in_array( $quote_style, array( 0, 2, 3, 'single', 'double' ), true ) ) {
		$quote_style = ENT_QUOTES;
	}

	// More complete than get_html_translation_table( HTML_SPECIALCHARS ).
	$single      = array(
		''' => '\'',
		''' => '\'',
	);
	$single_preg = array(
		'/�*39;/'   => ''',
		'/�*27;/i' => ''',
	);
	$double      = array(
		'"' => '"',
		'"' => '"',
		'"' => '"',
	);
	$double_preg = array(
		'/�*34;/'   => '"',
		'/�*22;/i' => '"',
	);
	$others      = array(
		'<'   => '<',
		'<' => '<',
		'>'   => '>',
		'>' => '>',
		'&'  => '&',
		'&' => '&',
		'&' => '&',
	);
	$others_preg = array(
		'/�*60;/'   => '<',
		'/�*62;/'   => '>',
		'/�*38;/'   => '&',
		'/�*26;/i' => '&',
	);

	if ( ENT_QUOTES === $quote_style ) {
		$translation      = array_merge( $single, $double, $others );
		$translation_preg = array_merge( $single_preg, $double_preg, $others_preg );
	} elseif ( ENT_COMPAT === $quote_style || 'double' === $quote_style ) {
		$translation      = array_merge( $double, $others );
		$translation_preg = array_merge( $double_preg, $others_preg );
	} elseif ( 'single' === $quote_style ) {
		$translation      = array_merge( $single, $others );
		$translation_preg = array_merge( $single_preg, $others_preg );
	} elseif ( ENT_NOQUOTES === $quote_style ) {
		$translation      = $others;
		$translation_preg = $others_preg;
	}

	// Remove zero padding on numeric entities.
	$text = preg_replace( array_keys( $translation_preg ), array_values( $translation_preg ), $text );

	// Replace characters according to translation table.
	return strtr( $text, $translation );
}

/**
 * Checks for invalid UTF8 in a string.
 *
 * Note! This function only performs its work if the `blog_charset` is set
 * to UTF-8. For all other values it returns the input text unchanged.
 *
 * Note! Unless requested, this returns an empty string if the input contains
 * any sequences of invalid UTF-8. To replace invalid byte sequences, pass
 * `true` as the optional `$strip` parameter.
 *
 * Consider using {@see wp_scrub_utf8()} instead which does not depend on
 * the value of `blog_charset`.
 *
 * Example:
 *
 *     // The `blog_charset` is `latin1`, so this returns the input unchanged.
 *     $every_possible_input === wp_check_invalid_utf8( $every_possible_input );
 *
 *     // Valid strings come through unchanged.
 *     'test' === wp_check_invalid_utf8( 'test' );
 *
 *     $invalid = "the byte \xC0 is never allowed in a UTF-8 string.";
 *
 *     // Invalid strings are rejected outright.
 *     '' === wp_check_invalid_utf8( $invalid );
 *
 *     // “Stripping” invalid sequences produces the replacement character instead.
 *     "the byte \u{FFFD} is never allowed in a UTF-8 string." === wp_check_invalid_utf8( $invalid, true );
 *     'the byte � is never allowed in a UTF-8 string.' === wp_check_invalid_utf8( $invalid, true );
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 * @since 6.9.0 Stripping replaces invalid byte sequences with the Unicode replacement character U+FFFD (�).
 *
 * @param string $text   String which is expected to be encoded as UTF-8 unless `blog_charset` is another encoding.
 * @param bool   $strip  Optional. Whether to replace invalid sequences of bytes with the Unicode replacement
 *                       character (U+FFFD `�`). Default `false` returns an empty string for invalid UTF-8 inputs.
 * @return string The checked text.
 */
function wp_check_invalid_utf8( $text, $strip = false ) {
	$text = (string) $text;

	if ( 0 === strlen( $text ) ) {
		return '';
	}

	// Store the site charset as a static to avoid multiple calls to get_option().
	static $is_utf8 = null;
	if ( ! isset( $is_utf8 ) ) {
		$is_utf8 = is_utf8_charset();
	}

	if ( ! $is_utf8 || wp_is_valid_utf8( $text ) ) {
		return $text;
	}

	return $strip
		? wp_scrub_utf8( $text )
		: '';
}

/**
 * Encodes the Unicode values to be used in the URI.
 *
 * @since 1.5.0
 * @since 5.8.3 Added the `encode_ascii_characters` parameter.
 *
 * @param string $utf8_string             String to encode.
 * @param int    $length                  Max length of the string.
 * @param bool   $encode_ascii_characters Whether to encode ascii characters such as < " '
 * @return string String with Unicode encoded for URI.
 */
function utf8_uri_encode( $utf8_string, $length = 0, $encode_ascii_characters = false ) {
	$unicode        = '';
	$values         = array();
	$num_octets     = 1;
	$unicode_length = 0;

	mbstring_binary_safe_encoding();
	$string_length = strlen( $utf8_string );
	reset_mbstring_encoding();

	for ( $i = 0; $i < $string_length; $i++ ) {

		$value = ord( $utf8_string[ $i ] );

		if ( $value < 128 ) {
			$char                = chr( $value );
			$encoded_char        = $encode_ascii_characters ? rawurlencode( $char ) : $char;
			$encoded_char_length = strlen( $encoded_char );
			if ( $length && ( $unicode_length + $encoded_char_length ) > $length ) {
				break;
			}
			$unicode        .= $encoded_char;
			$unicode_length += $encoded_char_length;
		} else {
			if ( 0 === count( $values ) ) {
				if ( $value < 224 ) {
					$num_octets = 2;
				} elseif ( $value < 240 ) {
					$num_octets = 3;
				} else {
					$num_octets = 4;
				}
			}

			$values[] = $value;

			if ( $length && ( $unicode_length + ( $num_octets * 3 ) ) > $length ) {
				break;
			}
			if ( count( $values ) === $num_octets ) {
				for ( $j = 0; $j < $num_octets; $j++ ) {
					$unicode .= '%' . dechex( $values[ $j ] );
				}

				$unicode_length += $num_octets * 3;

				$values     = array();
				$num_octets = 1;
			}
		}
	}

	return $unicode;
}

/**
 * Converts all accent characters to ASCII characters.
 *
 * If there are no accent characters, then the string given is just returned.
 *
 * **Accent characters converted:**
 *
 * Currency signs:
 *
 * |   Code   | Glyph | Replacement |     Description     |
 * | -------- | ----- | ----------- | ------------------- |
 * | U+00A3   | £     | (empty)     | British Pound sign  |
 * | U+20AC   | €     | E           | Euro sign           |
 *
 * Decompositions for Latin-1 Supplement:
 *
 * |  Code   | Glyph | Replacement |               Description              |
 * | ------- | ----- | ----------- | -------------------------------------- |
 * | U+00AA  | ª     | a           | Feminine ordinal indicator             |
 * | U+00BA  | º     | o           | Masculine ordinal indicator            |
 * | U+00C0  | À     | A           | Latin capital letter A with grave      |
 * | U+00C1  | Á     | A           | Latin capital letter A with acute      |
 * | U+00C2  | Â     | A           | Latin capital letter A with circumflex |
 * | U+00C3  | Ã     | A           | Latin capital letter A with tilde      |
 * | U+00C4  | Ä     | A           | Latin capital letter A with diaeresis  |
 * | U+00C5  | Å     | A           | Latin capital letter A with ring above |
 * | U+00C6  | Æ     | AE          | Latin capital letter AE                |
 * | U+00C7  | Ç     | C           | Latin capital letter C with cedilla    |
 * | U+00C8  | È     | E           | Latin capital letter E with grave      |
 * | U+00C9  | É     | E           | Latin capital letter E with acute      |
 * | U+00CA  | Ê     | E           | Latin capital letter E with circumflex |
 * | U+00CB  | Ë     | E           | Latin capital letter E with diaeresis  |
 * | U+00CC  | Ì     | I           | Latin capital letter I with grave      |
 * | U+00CD  | Í     | I           | Latin capital letter I with acute      |
 * | U+00CE  | Î     | I           | Latin capital letter I with circumflex |
 * | U+00CF  | Ï     | I           | Latin capital letter I with diaeresis  |
 * | U+00D0  | Ð     | D           | Latin capital letter Eth               |
 * | U+00D1  | Ñ     | N           | Latin capital letter N with tilde      |
 * | U+00D2  | Ò     | O           | Latin capital letter O with grave      |
 * | U+00D3  | Ó     | O           | Latin capital letter O with acute      |
 * | U+00D4  | Ô     | O           | Latin capital letter O with circumflex |
 * | U+00D5  | Õ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with tilde      |
 * | U+00D6  | Ö     | O           | Latin capital letter O with diaeresis  |
 * | U+00D8  | Ø     | O           | Latin capital letter O with stroke     |
 * | U+00D9  | Ù     | U           | Latin capital letter U with grave      |
 * | U+00DA  | Ú     | U           | Latin capital letter U with acute      |
 * | U+00DB  | Û     | U           | Latin capital letter U with circumflex |
 * | U+00DC  | Ü     | U           | Latin capital letter U with diaeresis  |
 * | U+00DD  | Ý     | Y           | Latin capital letter Y with acute      |
 * | U+00DE  | Þ     | TH          | Latin capital letter Thorn             |
 * | U+00DF  | ß     | s           | Latin small letter sharp s             |
 * | U+00E0  | à     | a           | Latin small letter a with grave        |
 * | U+00E1  | á     | a           | Latin small letter a with acute        |
 * | U+00E2  | â     | a           | Latin small letter a with circumflex   |
 * | U+00E3  | ã     | a           | Latin small letter a with tilde        |
 * | U+00E4  | ä     | a           | Latin small letter a with diaeresis    |
 * | U+00E5  | å     | a           | Latin small letter a with ring above   |
 * | U+00E6  | æ     | ae          | Latin small letter ae                  |
 * | U+00E7  | ç     | c           | Latin small letter c with cedilla      |
 * | U+00E8  | è     | e           | Latin small letter e with grave        |
 * | U+00E9  | é     | e           | Latin small letter e with acute        |
 * | U+00EA  | ê     | e           | Latin small letter e with circumflex   |
 * | U+00EB  | ë     | e           | Latin small letter e with diaeresis    |
 * | U+00EC  | ì     | i           | Latin small letter i with grave        |
 * | U+00ED  | í     | i           | Latin small letter i with acute        |
 * | U+00EE  | î     | i           | Latin small letter i with circumflex   |
 * | U+00EF  | ï     | i           | Latin small letter i with diaeresis    |
 * | U+00F0  | ð     | d           | Latin small letter Eth                 |
 * | U+00F1  | ñ     | n           | Latin small letter n with tilde        |
 * | U+00F2  | ò     | o           | Latin small letter o with grave        |
 * | U+00F3  | ó     | o           | Latin small letter o with acute        |
 * | U+00F4  | ô     | o           | Latin small letter o with circumflex   |
 * | U+00F5  | õ     | o           | Latin small letter o with tilde        |
 * | U+00F6  | ö     | o           | Latin small letter o with diaeresis    |
 * | U+00F8  | ø     | o           | Latin small letter o with stroke       |
 * | U+00F9  | ù     | u           | Latin small letter u with grave        |
 * | U+00FA  | ú     | u           | Latin small letter u with acute        |
 * | U+00FB  | û     | u           | Latin small letter u with circumflex   |
 * | U+00FC  | ü     | u           | Latin small letter u with diaeresis    |
 * | U+00FD  | ý     | y           | Latin small letter y with acute        |
 * | U+00FE  | þ     | th          | Latin small letter Thorn               |
 * | U+00FF  | ÿ     | y           | Latin small letter y with diaeresis    |
 *
 * Decompositions for Latin Extended-A:
 *
 * |  Code   | Glyph | Replacement |                    Description                    |
 * | ------- | ----- | ----------- | ------------------------------------------------- |
 * | U+0100  | Ā     | A           | Latin capital letter A with macron                |
 * | U+0101  | ā     | a           | Latin small letter a with macron                  |
 * | U+0102  | Ă     | A           | Latin capital letter A with breve                 |
 * | U+0103  | ă     | a           | Latin small letter a with breve                   |
 * | U+0104  | Ą     | A           | Latin capital letter A with ogonek                |
 * | U+0105  | ą     | a           | Latin small letter a with ogonek                  |
 * | U+01006 | Ć     | C           | Latin capital letter C with acute                 |
 * | U+0107  | ć     | c           | Latin small letter c with acute                   |
 * | U+0108  | Ĉ     | C           | Latin capital letter C with circumflex            |
 * | U+0109  | ĉ     | c           | Latin small letter c with circumflex              |
 * | U+010A  | Ċ     | C           | Latin capital letter C with dot above             |
 * | U+010B  | ċ     | c           | Latin small letter c with dot above               |
 * | U+010C  | Č     | C           | Latin capital letter C with caron                 |
 * | U+010D  | č     | c           | Latin small letter c with caron                   |
 * | U+010E  | Ď     | D           | Latin capital letter D with caron                 |
 * | U+010F  | ď     | d           | Latin small letter d with caron                   |
 * | U+0110  | Đ     | D           | Latin capital letter D with stroke                |
 * | U+0111  | đ     | d           | Latin small letter d with stroke                  |
 * | U+0112  | Ē     | E           | Latin capital letter E with macron                |
 * | U+0113  | ē     | e           | Latin small letter e with macron                  |
 * | U+0114  | Ĕ     | E           | Latin capital letter E with breve                 |
 * | U+0115  | ĕ     | e           | Latin small letter e with breve                   |
 * | U+0116  | Ė     | E           | Latin capital letter E with dot above             |
 * | U+0117  | ė     | e           | Latin small letter e with dot above               |
 * | U+0118  | Ę     | E           | Latin capital letter E with ogonek                |
 * | U+0119  | ę     | e           | Latin small letter e with ogonek                  |
 * | U+011A  | Ě     | E           | Latin capital letter E with caron                 |
 * | U+011B  | ě     | e           | Latin small letter e with caron                   |
 * | U+011C  | Ĝ     | G           | Latin capital letter G with circumflex            |
 * | U+011D  | ĝ     | g           | Latin small letter g with circumflex              |
 * | U+011E  | Ğ     | G           | Latin capital letter G with breve                 |
 * | U+011F  | ğ     | g           | Latin small letter g with breve                   |
 * | U+0120  | Ġ     | G           | Latin capital letter G with dot above             |
 * | U+0121  | ġ     | g           | Latin small letter g with dot above               |
 * | U+0122  | Ģ     | G           | Latin capital letter G with cedilla               |
 * | U+0123  | ģ     | g           | Latin small letter g with cedilla                 |
 * | U+0124  | Ĥ     | H           | Latin capital letter H with circumflex            |
 * | U+0125  | ĥ     | h           | Latin small letter h with circumflex              |
 * | U+0126  | Ħ     | H           | Latin capital letter H with stroke                |
 * | U+0127  | ħ     | h           | Latin small letter h with stroke                  |
 * | U+0128  | Ĩ     | I           | Latin capital letter I with tilde                 |
 * | U+0129  | ĩ     | i           | Latin small letter i with tilde                   |
 * | U+012A  | Ī     | I           | Latin capital letter I with macron                |
 * | U+012B  | ī     | i           | Latin small letter i with macron                  |
 * | U+012C  | Ĭ     | I           | Latin capital letter I with breve                 |
 * | U+012D  | ĭ     | i           | Latin small letter i with breve                   |
 * | U+012E  | Į     | I           | Latin capital letter I with ogonek                |
 * | U+012F  | į     | i           | Latin small letter i with ogonek                  |
 * | U+0130  | İ     | I           | Latin capital letter I with dot above             |
 * | U+0131  | ı     | i           | Latin small letter dotless i                      |
 * | U+0132  | Ĳ     | IJ          | Latin capital ligature IJ                         |
 * | U+0133  | ĳ     | ij          | Latin small ligature ij                           |
 * | U+0134  | Ĵ     | J           | Latin capital letter J with circumflex            |
 * | U+0135  | ĵ     | j           | Latin small letter j with circumflex              |
 * | U+0136  | Ķ     | K           | Latin capital letter K with cedilla               |
 * | U+0137  | ķ     | k           | Latin small letter k with cedilla                 |
 * | U+0138  | ĸ     | k           | Latin small letter Kra                            |
 * | U+0139  | Ĺ     | L           | Latin capital letter L with acute                 |
 * | U+013A  | ĺ     | l           | Latin small letter l with acute                   |
 * | U+013B  | Ļ     | L           | Latin capital letter L with cedilla               |
 * | U+013C  | ļ     | l           | Latin small letter l with cedilla                 |
 * | U+013D  | Ľ     | L           | Latin capital letter L with caron                 |
 * | U+013E  | ľ     | l           | Latin small letter l with caron                   |
 * | U+013F  | Ŀ     | L           | Latin capital letter L with middle dot            |
 * | U+0140  | ŀ     | l           | Latin small letter l with middle dot              |
 * | U+0141  | Ł     | L           | Latin capital letter L with stroke                |
 * | U+0142  | ł     | l           | Latin small letter l with stroke                  |
 * | U+0143  | Ń     | N           | Latin capital letter N with acute                 |
 * | U+0144  | ń     | n           | Latin small letter N with acute                   |
 * | U+0145  | Ņ     | N           | Latin capital letter N with cedilla               |
 * | U+0146  | ņ     | n           | Latin small letter n with cedilla                 |
 * | U+0147  | Ň     | N           | Latin capital letter N with caron                 |
 * | U+0148  | ň     | n           | Latin small letter n with caron                   |
 * | U+0149  | ŉ     | n           | Latin small letter n preceded by apostrophe       |
 * | U+014A  | Ŋ     | N           | Latin capital letter Eng                          |
 * | U+014B  | ŋ     | n           | Latin small letter Eng                            |
 * | U+014C  | Ō     | O           | Latin capital letter O with macron                |
 * | U+014D  | ō     | o           | Latin small letter o with macron                  |
 * | U+014E  | Ŏ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with breve                 |
 * | U+014F  | ŏ     | o           | Latin small letter o with breve                   |
 * | U+0150  | Ő     | O           | Latin capital letter O with double acute          |
 * | U+0151  | ő     | o           | Latin small letter o with double acute            |
 * | U+0152  | Œ     | OE          | Latin capital ligature OE                         |
 * | U+0153  | œ     | oe          | Latin small ligature oe                           |
 * | U+0154  | Ŕ     | R           | Latin capital letter R with acute                 |
 * | U+0155  | ŕ     | r           | Latin small letter r with acute                   |
 * | U+0156  | Ŗ     | R           | Latin capital letter R with cedilla               |
 * | U+0157  | ŗ     | r           | Latin small letter r with cedilla                 |
 * | U+0158  | Ř     | R           | Latin capital letter R with caron                 |
 * | U+0159  | ř     | r           | Latin small letter r with caron                   |
 * | U+015A  | Ś     | S           | Latin capital letter S with acute                 |
 * | U+015B  | ś     | s           | Latin small letter s with acute                   |
 * | U+015C  | Ŝ     | S           | Latin capital letter S with circumflex            |
 * | U+015D  | ŝ     | s           | Latin small letter s with circumflex              |
 * | U+015E  | Ş     | S           | Latin capital letter S with cedilla               |
 * | U+015F  | ş     | s           | Latin small letter s with cedilla                 |
 * | U+0160  | Š     | S           | Latin capital letter S with caron                 |
 * | U+0161  | š     | s           | Latin small letter s with caron                   |
 * | U+0162  | Ţ     | T           | Latin capital letter T with cedilla               |
 * | U+0163  | ţ     | t           | Latin small letter t with cedilla                 |
 * | U+0164  | Ť     | T           | Latin capital letter T with caron                 |
 * | U+0165  | ť     | t           | Latin small letter t with caron                   |
 * | U+0166  | Ŧ     | T           | Latin capital letter T with stroke                |
 * | U+0167  | ŧ     | t           | Latin small letter t with stroke                  |
 * | U+0168  | Ũ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with tilde                 |
 * | U+0169  | ũ     | u           | Latin small letter u with tilde                   |
 * | U+016A  | Ū     | U           | Latin capital letter U with macron                |
 * | U+016B  | ū     | u           | Latin small letter u with macron                  |
 * | U+016C  | Ŭ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with breve                 |
 * | U+016D  | ŭ     | u           | Latin small letter u with breve                   |
 * | U+016E  | Ů     | U           | Latin capital letter U with ring above            |
 * | U+016F  | ů     | u           | Latin small letter u with ring above              |
 * | U+0170  | Ű     | U           | Latin capital letter U with double acute          |
 * | U+0171  | ű     | u           | Latin small letter u with double acute            |
 * | U+0172  | Ų     | U           | Latin capital letter U with ogonek                |
 * | U+0173  | ų     | u           | Latin small letter u with ogonek                  |
 * | U+0174  | Ŵ     | W           | Latin capital letter W with circumflex            |
 * | U+0175  | ŵ     | w           | Latin small letter w with circumflex              |
 * | U+0176  | Ŷ     | Y           | Latin capital letter Y with circumflex            |
 * | U+0177  | ŷ     | y           | Latin small letter y with circumflex              |
 * | U+0178  | Ÿ     | Y           | Latin capital letter Y with diaeresis             |
 * | U+0179  | Ź     | Z           | Latin capital letter Z with acute                 |
 * | U+017A  | ź     | z           | Latin small letter z with acute                   |
 * | U+017B  | Ż     | Z           | Latin capital letter Z with dot above             |
 * | U+017C  | ż     | z           | Latin small letter z with dot above               |
 * | U+017D  | Ž     | Z           | Latin capital letter Z with caron                 |
 * | U+017E  | ž     | z           | Latin small letter z with caron                   |
 * | U+017F  | ſ     | s           | Latin small letter long s                         |
 * | U+01A0  | Ơ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with horn                  |
 * | U+01A1  | ơ     | o           | Latin small letter o with horn                    |
 * | U+01AF  | Ư     | U           | Latin capital letter U with horn                  |
 * | U+01B0  | ư     | u           | Latin small letter u with horn                    |
 * | U+01CD  | Ǎ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with caron                 |
 * | U+01CE  | ǎ     | a           | Latin small letter a with caron                   |
 * | U+01CF  | Ǐ     | I           | Latin capital letter I with caron                 |
 * | U+01D0  | ǐ     | i           | Latin small letter i with caron                   |
 * | U+01D1  | Ǒ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with caron                 |
 * | U+01D2  | ǒ     | o           | Latin small letter o with caron                   |
 * | U+01D3  | Ǔ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with caron                 |
 * | U+01D4  | ǔ     | u           | Latin small letter u with caron                   |
 * | U+01D5  | Ǖ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with diaeresis and macron  |
 * | U+01D6  | ǖ     | u           | Latin small letter u with diaeresis and macron    |
 * | U+01D7  | Ǘ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with diaeresis and acute   |
 * | U+01D8  | ǘ     | u           | Latin small letter u with diaeresis and acute     |
 * | U+01D9  | Ǚ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with diaeresis and caron   |
 * | U+01DA  | ǚ     | u           | Latin small letter u with diaeresis and caron     |
 * | U+01DB  | Ǜ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with diaeresis and grave   |
 * | U+01DC  | ǜ     | u           | Latin small letter u with diaeresis and grave     |
 *
 * Decompositions for Latin Extended-B:
 *
 * |   Code   | Glyph | Replacement |                Description                |
 * | -------- | ----- | ----------- | ----------------------------------------- |
 * | U+018F   | Ə     | E           | Latin capital letter Ə                    |
 * | U+0259   | ǝ     | e           | Latin small letter ǝ                      |
 * | U+0218   | Ș     | S           | Latin capital letter S with comma below   |
 * | U+0219   | ș     | s           | Latin small letter s with comma below     |
 * | U+021A   | Ț     | T           | Latin capital letter T with comma below   |
 * | U+021B   | ț     | t           | Latin small letter t with comma below     |
 *
 * Vowels with diacritic (Chinese, Hanyu Pinyin):
 *
 * |   Code   | Glyph | Replacement |                      Description                      |
 * | -------- | ----- | ----------- | ----------------------------------------------------- |
 * | U+0251   | ɑ     | a           | Latin small letter alpha                              |
 * | U+1EA0   | Ạ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with dot below                 |
 * | U+1EA1   | ạ     | a           | Latin small letter a with dot below                   |
 * | U+1EA2   | Ả     | A           | Latin capital letter A with hook above                |
 * | U+1EA3   | ả     | a           | Latin small letter a with hook above                  |
 * | U+1EA4   | Ấ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with circumflex and acute      |
 * | U+1EA5   | ấ     | a           | Latin small letter a with circumflex and acute        |
 * | U+1EA6   | Ầ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with circumflex and grave      |
 * | U+1EA7   | ầ     | a           | Latin small letter a with circumflex and grave        |
 * | U+1EA8   | Ẩ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with circumflex and hook above |
 * | U+1EA9   | ẩ     | a           | Latin small letter a with circumflex and hook above   |
 * | U+1EAA   | Ẫ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with circumflex and tilde      |
 * | U+1EAB   | ẫ     | a           | Latin small letter a with circumflex and tilde        |
 * | U+1EA6   | Ậ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with circumflex and dot below  |
 * | U+1EAD   | ậ     | a           | Latin small letter a with circumflex and dot below    |
 * | U+1EAE   | Ắ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with breve and acute           |
 * | U+1EAF   | ắ     | a           | Latin small letter a with breve and acute             |
 * | U+1EB0   | Ằ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with breve and grave           |
 * | U+1EB1   | ằ     | a           | Latin small letter a with breve and grave             |
 * | U+1EB2   | Ẳ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with breve and hook above      |
 * | U+1EB3   | ẳ     | a           | Latin small letter a with breve and hook above        |
 * | U+1EB4   | Ẵ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with breve and tilde           |
 * | U+1EB5   | ẵ     | a           | Latin small letter a with breve and tilde             |
 * | U+1EB6   | Ặ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with breve and dot below       |
 * | U+1EB7   | ặ     | a           | Latin small letter a with breve and dot below         |
 * | U+1EB8   | Ẹ     | E           | Latin capital letter E with dot below                 |
 * | U+1EB9   | ẹ     | e           | Latin small letter e with dot below                   |
 * | U+1EBA   | Ẻ     | E           | Latin capital letter E with hook above                |
 * | U+1EBB   | ẻ     | e           | Latin small letter e with hook above                  |
 * | U+1EBC   | Ẽ     | E           | Latin capital letter E with tilde                     |
 * | U+1EBD   | ẽ     | e           | Latin small letter e with tilde                       |
 * | U+1EBE   | Ế     | E           | Latin capital letter E with circumflex and acute      |
 * | U+1EBF   | ế     | e           | Latin small letter e with circumflex and acute        |
 * | U+1EC0   | Ề     | E           | Latin capital letter E with circumflex and grave      |
 * | U+1EC1   | ề     | e           | Latin small letter e with circumflex and grave        |
 * | U+1EC2   | Ể     | E           | Latin capital letter E with circumflex and hook above |
 * | U+1EC3   | ể     | e           | Latin small letter e with circumflex and hook above   |
 * | U+1EC4   | Ễ     | E           | Latin capital letter E with circumflex and tilde      |
 * | U+1EC5   | ễ     | e           | Latin small letter e with circumflex and tilde        |
 * | U+1EC6   | Ệ     | E           | Latin capital letter E with circumflex and dot below  |
 * | U+1EC7   | ệ     | e           | Latin small letter e with circumflex and dot below    |
 * | U+1EC8   | Ỉ     | I           | Latin capital letter I with hook above                |
 * | U+1EC9   | ỉ     | i           | Latin small letter i with hook above                  |
 * | U+1ECA   | Ị     | I           | Latin capital letter I with dot below                 |
 * | U+1ECB   | ị     | i           | Latin small letter i with dot below                   |
 * | U+1ECC   | Ọ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with dot below                 |
 * | U+1ECD   | ọ     | o           | Latin small letter o with dot below                   |
 * | U+1ECE   | Ỏ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with hook above                |
 * | U+1ECF   | ỏ     | o           | Latin small letter o with hook above                  |
 * | U+1ED0   | Ố     | O           | Latin capital letter O with circumflex and acute      |
 * | U+1ED1   | ố     | o           | Latin small letter o with circumflex and acute        |
 * | U+1ED2   | Ồ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with circumflex and grave      |
 * | U+1ED3   | ồ     | o           | Latin small letter o with circumflex and grave        |
 * | U+1ED4   | Ổ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with circumflex and hook above |
 * | U+1ED5   | ổ     | o           | Latin small letter o with circumflex and hook above   |
 * | U+1ED6   | Ỗ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with circumflex and tilde      |
 * | U+1ED7   | ỗ     | o           | Latin small letter o with circumflex and tilde        |
 * | U+1ED8   | Ộ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with circumflex and dot below  |
 * | U+1ED9   | ộ     | o           | Latin small letter o with circumflex and dot below    |
 * | U+1EDA   | Ớ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with horn and acute            |
 * | U+1EDB   | ớ     | o           | Latin small letter o with horn and acute              |
 * | U+1EDC   | Ờ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with horn and grave            |
 * | U+1EDD   | ờ     | o           | Latin small letter o with horn and grave              |
 * | U+1EDE   | Ở     | O           | Latin capital letter O with horn and hook above       |
 * | U+1EDF   | ở     | o           | Latin small letter o with horn and hook above         |
 * | U+1EE0   | Ỡ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with horn and tilde            |
 * | U+1EE1   | ỡ     | o           | Latin small letter o with horn and tilde              |
 * | U+1EE2   | Ợ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with horn and dot below        |
 * | U+1EE3   | ợ     | o           | Latin small letter o with horn and dot below          |
 * | U+1EE4   | Ụ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with dot below                 |
 * | U+1EE5   | ụ     | u           | Latin small letter u with dot below                   |
 * | U+1EE6   | Ủ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with hook above                |
 * | U+1EE7   | ủ     | u           | Latin small letter u with hook above                  |
 * | U+1EE8   | Ứ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with horn and acute            |
 * | U+1EE9   | ứ     | u           | Latin small letter u with horn and acute              |
 * | U+1EEA   | Ừ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with horn and grave            |
 * | U+1EEB   | ừ     | u           | Latin small letter u with horn and grave              |
 * | U+1EEC   | Ử     | U           | Latin capital letter U with horn and hook above       |
 * | U+1EED   | ử     | u           | Latin small letter u with horn and hook above         |
 * | U+1EEE   | Ữ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with horn and tilde            |
 * | U+1EEF   | ữ     | u           | Latin small letter u with horn and tilde              |
 * | U+1EF0   | Ự     | U           | Latin capital letter U with horn and dot below        |
 * | U+1EF1   | ự     | u           | Latin small letter u with horn and dot below          |
 * | U+1EF2   | Ỳ     | Y           | Latin capital letter Y with grave                     |
 * | U+1EF3   | ỳ     | y           | Latin small letter y with grave                       |
 * | U+1EF4   | Ỵ     | Y           | Latin capital letter Y with dot below                 |
 * | U+1EF5   | ỵ     | y           | Latin small letter y with dot below                   |
 * | U+1EF6   | Ỷ     | Y           | Latin capital letter Y with hook above                |
 * | U+1EF7   | ỷ     | y           | Latin small letter y with hook above                  |
 * | U+1EF8   | Ỹ     | Y           | Latin capital letter Y with tilde                     |
 * | U+1EF9   | ỹ     | y           | Latin small letter y with tilde                       |
 *
 * German (`de_DE`), German formal (`de_DE_formal`), German (Switzerland) formal (`de_CH`),
 * German (Switzerland) informal (`de_CH_informal`), and German (Austria) (`de_AT`) locales:
 *
 * |   Code   | Glyph | Replacement |               Description               |
 * | -------- | ----- | ----------- | --------------------------------------- |
 * | U+00C4   | Ä     | Ae          | Latin capital letter A with diaeresis   |
 * | U+00E4   | ä     | ae          | Latin small letter a with diaeresis     |
 * | U+00D6   | Ö     | Oe          | Latin capital letter O with diaeresis   |
 * | U+00F6   | ö     | oe          | Latin small letter o with diaeresis     |
 * | U+00DC   | Ü     | Ue          | Latin capital letter U with diaeresis   |
 * | U+00FC   | ü     | ue          | Latin small letter u with diaeresis     |
 * | U+1E9E   | ẞ     | SS          | Latin capital letter sharp s            |
 * | U+00DF   | ß     | ss          | Latin small letter sharp s              |
 *
 * Danish (`da_DK`) locale:
 *
 * |   Code   | Glyph | Replacement |               Description               |
 * | -------- | ----- | ----------- | --------------------------------------- |
 * | U+00C6   | Æ     | Ae          | Latin capital letter AE                 |
 * | U+00E6   | æ     | ae          | Latin small letter ae                   |
 * | U+00D8   | Ø     | Oe          | Latin capital letter O with stroke      |
 * | U+00F8   | ø     | oe          | Latin small letter o with stroke        |
 * | U+00C5   | Å     | Aa          | Latin capital letter A with ring above  |
 * | U+00E5   | å     | aa          | Latin small letter a with ring above    |
 *
 * Catalan (`ca`) locale:
 *
 * |   Code   | Glyph | Replacement |               Description               |
 * | -------- | ----- | ----------- | --------------------------------------- |
 * | U+00B7   | l·l   | ll          | Flown dot (between two Ls)              |
 *
 * Serbian (`sr_RS`) and Bosnian (`bs_BA`) locales:
 *
 * |   Code   | Glyph | Replacement |               Description               |
 * | -------- | ----- | ----------- | --------------------------------------- |
 * | U+0110   | Đ     | DJ          | Latin capital letter D with stroke      |
 * | U+0111   | đ     | dj          | Latin small letter d with stroke        |
 *
 * @since 1.2.1
 * @since 4.6.0 Added locale support for `de_CH`, `de_CH_informal`, and `ca`.
 * @since 4.7.0 Added locale support for `sr_RS`.
 * @since 4.8.0 Added locale support for `bs_BA`.
 * @since 5.7.0 Added locale support for `de_AT`.
 * @since 6.0.0 Added the `$locale` parameter.
 * @since 6.1.0 Added Unicode NFC encoding normalization support.
 * @since 7.0.0 Added capital Eszett (U+1E9E) support for German locales.
 *
 * @param string $text   Text that might have accent characters.
 * @param string $locale Optional. The locale to use for accent removal. Some character
 *                       replacements depend on the locale being used (e.g. 'de_DE').
 *                       Defaults to the current locale.
 * @return string Filtered string with replaced "nice" characters.
 */
function remove_accents( $text, $locale = '' ) {
	if ( ! preg_match( '/[\x80-\xff]/', $text ) ) {
		return $text;
	}

	if ( wp_is_valid_utf8( $text ) ) {

		/*
		 * Unicode sequence normalization from NFD (Normalization Form Decomposed)
		 * to NFC (Normalization Form [Pre]Composed), the encoding used in this function.
		 */
		if ( function_exists( 'normalizer_is_normalized' )
			&& function_exists( 'normalizer_normalize' )
		) {
			if ( ! normalizer_is_normalized( $text ) ) {
				$text = normalizer_normalize( $text );
			}
		}

		$chars = array(
			// Decompositions for Latin-1 Supplement.
			'ª' => 'a',
			'º' => 'o',
			'À' => 'A',
			'Á' => 'A',
			'Â' => 'A',
			'Ã' => 'A',
			'Ä' => 'A',
			'Å' => 'A',
			'Æ' => 'AE',
			'Ç' => 'C',
			'È' => 'E',
			'É' => 'E',
			'Ê' => 'E',
			'Ë' => 'E',
			'Ì' => 'I',
			'Í' => 'I',
			'Î' => 'I',
			'Ï' => 'I',
			'Ð' => 'D',
			'Ñ' => 'N',
			'Ò' => 'O',
			'Ó' => 'O',
			'Ô' => 'O',
			'Õ' => 'O',
			'Ö' => 'O',
			'Ù' => 'U',
			'Ú' => 'U',
			'Û' => 'U',
			'Ü' => 'U',
			'Ý' => 'Y',
			'Þ' => 'TH',
			'ß' => 's',
			'à' => 'a',
			'á' => 'a',
			'â' => 'a',
			'ã' => 'a',
			'ä' => 'a',
			'å' => 'a',
			'æ' => 'ae',
			'ç' => 'c',
			'è' => 'e',
			'é' => 'e',
			'ê' => 'e',
			'ë' => 'e',
			'ì' => 'i',
			'í' => 'i',
			'î' => 'i',
			'ï' => 'i',
			'ð' => 'd',
			'ñ' => 'n',
			'ò' => 'o',
			'ó' => 'o',
			'ô' => 'o',
			'õ' => 'o',
			'ö' => 'o',
			'ø' => 'o',
			'ù' => 'u',
			'ú' => 'u',
			'û' => 'u',
			'ü' => 'u',
			'ý' => 'y',
			'þ' => 'th',
			'ÿ' => 'y',
			'Ø' => 'O',
			// Decompositions for Latin Extended-A.
			'Ā' => 'A',
			'ā' => 'a',
			'Ă' => 'A',
			'ă' => 'a',
			'Ą' => 'A',
			'ą' => 'a',
			'Ć' => 'C',
			'ć' => 'c',
			'Ĉ' => 'C',
			'ĉ' => 'c',
			'Ċ' => 'C',
			'ċ' => 'c',
			'Č' => 'C',
			'č' => 'c',
			'Ď' => 'D',
			'ď' => 'd',
			'Đ' => 'D',
			'đ' => 'd',
			'Ē' => 'E',
			'ē' => 'e',
			'Ĕ' => 'E',
			'ĕ' => 'e',
			'Ė' => 'E',
			'ė' => 'e',
			'Ę' => 'E',
			'ę' => 'e',
			'Ě' => 'E',
			'ě' => 'e',
			'Ĝ' => 'G',
			'ĝ' => 'g',
			'Ğ' => 'G',
			'ğ' => 'g',
			'Ġ' => 'G',
			'ġ' => 'g',
			'Ģ' => 'G',
			'ģ' => 'g',
			'Ĥ' => 'H',
			'ĥ' => 'h',
			'Ħ' => 'H',
			'ħ' => 'h',
			'Ĩ' => 'I',
			'ĩ' => 'i',
			'Ī' => 'I',
			'ī' => 'i',
			'Ĭ' => 'I',
			'ĭ' => 'i',
			'Į' => 'I',
			'į' => 'i',
			'İ' => 'I',
			'ı' => 'i',
			'Ĳ' => 'IJ',
			'ĳ' => 'ij',
			'Ĵ' => 'J',
			'ĵ' => 'j',
			'Ķ' => 'K',
			'ķ' => 'k',
			'ĸ' => 'k',
			'Ĺ' => 'L',
			'ĺ' => 'l',
			'Ļ' => 'L',
			'ļ' => 'l',
			'Ľ' => 'L',
			'ľ' => 'l',
			'Ŀ' => 'L',
			'ŀ' => 'l',
			'Ł' => 'L',
			'ł' => 'l',
			'Ń' => 'N',
			'ń' => 'n',
			'Ņ' => 'N',
			'ņ' => 'n',
			'Ň' => 'N',
			'ň' => 'n',
			'ŉ' => 'n',
			'Ŋ' => 'N',
			'ŋ' => 'n',
			'Ō' => 'O',
			'ō' => 'o',
			'Ŏ' => 'O',
			'ŏ' => 'o',
			'Ő' => 'O',
			'ő' => 'o',
			'Œ' => 'OE',
			'œ' => 'oe',
			'Ŕ' => 'R',
			'ŕ' => 'r',
			'Ŗ' => 'R',
			'ŗ' => 'r',
			'Ř' => 'R',
			'ř' => 'r',
			'Ś' => 'S',
			'ś' => 's',
			'Ŝ' => 'S',
			'ŝ' => 's',
			'Ş' => 'S',
			'ş' => 's',
			'Š' => 'S',
			'š' => 's',
			'Ţ' => 'T',
			'ţ' => 't',
			'Ť' => 'T',
			'ť' => 't',
			'Ŧ' => 'T',
			'ŧ' => 't',
			'Ũ' => 'U',
			'ũ' => 'u',
			'Ū' => 'U',
			'ū' => 'u',
			'Ŭ' => 'U',
			'ŭ' => 'u',
			'Ů' => 'U',
			'ů' => 'u',
			'Ű' => 'U',
			'ű' => 'u',
			'Ų' => 'U',
			'ų' => 'u',
			'Ŵ' => 'W',
			'ŵ' => 'w',
			'Ŷ' => 'Y',
			'ŷ' => 'y',
			'Ÿ' => 'Y',
			'Ź' => 'Z',
			'ź' => 'z',
			'Ż' => 'Z',
			'ż' => 'z',
			'Ž' => 'Z',
			'ž' => 'z',
			'ſ' => 's',
			// Decompositions for Latin Extended-B.
			'Ə' => 'E',
			'ǝ' => 'e',
			'Ș' => 'S',
			'ș' => 's',
			'Ț' => 'T',
			'ț' => 't',
			// Euro sign.
			'€' => 'E',
			// GBP (Pound) sign.
			'£' => '',
			// Vowels with diacritic (Vietnamese). Unmarked.
			'Ơ' => 'O',
			'ơ' => 'o',
			'Ư' => 'U',
			'ư' => 'u',
			// Grave accent.
			'Ầ' => 'A',
			'ầ' => 'a',
			'Ằ' => 'A',
			'ằ' => 'a',
			'Ề' => 'E',
			'ề' => 'e',
			'Ồ' => 'O',
			'ồ' => 'o',
			'Ờ' => 'O',
			'ờ' => 'o',
			'Ừ' => 'U',
			'ừ' => 'u',
			'Ỳ' => 'Y',
			'ỳ' => 'y',
			// Hook.
			'Ả' => 'A',
			'ả' => 'a',
			'Ẩ' => 'A',
			'ẩ' => 'a',
			'Ẳ' => 'A',
			'ẳ' => 'a',
			'Ẻ' => 'E',
			'ẻ' => 'e',
			'Ể' => 'E',
			'ể' => 'e',
			'Ỉ' => 'I',
			'ỉ' => 'i',
			'Ỏ' => 'O',
			'ỏ' => 'o',
			'Ổ' => 'O',
			'ổ' => 'o',
			'Ở' => 'O',
			'ở' => 'o',
			'Ủ' => 'U',
			'ủ' => 'u',
			'Ử' => 'U',
			'ử' => 'u',
			'Ỷ' => 'Y',
			'ỷ' => 'y',
			// Tilde.
			'Ẫ' => 'A',
			'ẫ' => 'a',
			'Ẵ' => 'A',
			'ẵ' => 'a',
			'Ẽ' => 'E',
			'ẽ' => 'e',
			'Ễ' => 'E',
			'ễ' => 'e',
			'Ỗ' => 'O',
			'ỗ' => 'o',
			'Ỡ' => 'O',
			'ỡ' => 'o',
			'Ữ' => 'U',
			'ữ' => 'u',
			'Ỹ' => 'Y',
			'ỹ' => 'y',
			// Acute accent.
			'Ấ' => 'A',
			'ấ' => 'a',
			'Ắ' => 'A',
			'ắ' => 'a',
			'Ế' => 'E',
			'ế' => 'e',
			'Ố' => 'O',
			'ố' => 'o',
			'Ớ' => 'O',
			'ớ' => 'o',
			'Ứ' => 'U',
			'ứ' => 'u',
			// Dot below.
			'Ạ' => 'A',
			'ạ' => 'a',
			'Ậ' => 'A',
			'ậ' => 'a',
			'Ặ' => 'A',
			'ặ' => 'a',
			'Ẹ' => 'E',
			'ẹ' => 'e',
			'Ệ' => 'E',
			'ệ' => 'e',
			'Ị' => 'I',
			'ị' => 'i',
			'Ọ' => 'O',
			'ọ' => 'o',
			'Ộ' => 'O',
			'ộ' => 'o',
			'Ợ' => 'O',
			'ợ' => 'o',
			'Ụ' => 'U',
			'ụ' => 'u',
			'Ự' => 'U',
			'ự' => 'u',
			'Ỵ' => 'Y',
			'ỵ' => 'y',
			// Vowels with diacritic (Chinese, Hanyu Pinyin).
			'ɑ' => 'a',
			// Macron.
			'Ǖ' => 'U',
			'ǖ' => 'u',
			// Acute accent.
			'Ǘ' => 'U',
			'ǘ' => 'u',
			// Caron.
			'Ǎ' => 'A',
			'ǎ' => 'a',
			'Ǐ' => 'I',
			'ǐ' => 'i',
			'Ǒ' => 'O',
			'ǒ' => 'o',
			'Ǔ' => 'U',
			'ǔ' => 'u',
			'Ǚ' => 'U',
			'ǚ' => 'u',
			// Grave accent.
			'Ǜ' => 'U',
			'ǜ' => 'u',
		);

		// Used for locale-specific rules.
		if ( empty( $locale ) ) {
			$locale = get_locale();
		}

		/*
		 * German has various locales (de_DE, de_CH, de_AT, ...) with formal and informal variants.
		 * There is no 3-letter locale like 'def', so checking for 'de' instead of 'de_' is safe,
		 * since 'de' itself would be a valid locale too.
		 */
		if ( str_starts_with( $locale, 'de' ) ) {
			$chars['Ä'] = 'Ae';
			$chars['ä'] = 'ae';
			$chars['Ö'] = 'Oe';
			$chars['ö'] = 'oe';
			$chars['Ü'] = 'Ue';
			$chars['ü'] = 'ue';
			$chars['ẞ'] = 'SS';
			$chars['ß'] = 'ss';
		} elseif ( 'da_DK' === $locale ) {
			$chars['Æ'] = 'Ae';
			$chars['æ'] = 'ae';
			$chars['Ø'] = 'Oe';
			$chars['ø'] = 'oe';
			$chars['Å'] = 'Aa';
			$chars['å'] = 'aa';
		} elseif ( 'ca' === $locale ) {
			$chars['l·l'] = 'll';
		} elseif ( 'sr_RS' === $locale || 'bs_BA' === $locale ) {
			$chars['Đ'] = 'DJ';
			$chars['đ'] = 'dj';
		}

		$text = strtr( $text, $chars );
	} else {
		$chars = array();
		// Assume ISO-8859-1 if not UTF-8.
		$chars['in'] = "\x80\x83\x8a\x8e\x9a\x9e"
			. "\x9f\xa2\xa5\xb5\xc0\xc1\xc2"
			. "\xc3\xc4\xc5\xc7\xc8\xc9\xca"
			. "\xcb\xcc\xcd\xce\xcf\xd1\xd2"
			. "\xd3\xd4\xd5\xd6\xd8\xd9\xda"
			. "\xdb\xdc\xdd\xe0\xe1\xe2\xe3"
			. "\xe4\xe5\xe7\xe8\xe9\xea\xeb"
			. "\xec\xed\xee\xef\xf1\xf2\xf3"
			. "\xf4\xf5\xf6\xf8\xf9\xfa\xfb"
			. "\xfc\xfd\xff";

		$chars['out'] = 'EfSZszYcYuAAAAAACEEEEIIIINOOOOOOUUUUYaaaaaaceeeeiiiinoooooouuuuyy';

		$text                = strtr( $text, $chars['in'], $chars['out'] );
		$double_chars        = array();
		$double_chars['in']  = array( "\x8c", "\x9c", "\xc6", "\xd0", "\xde", "\xdf", "\xe6", "\xf0", "\xfe" );
		$double_chars['out'] = array( 'OE', 'oe', 'AE', 'DH', 'TH', 'ss', 'ae', 'dh', 'th' );
		$text                = str_replace( $double_chars['in'], $double_chars['out'], $text );
	}

	return $text;
}

/**
 * Sanitizes a filename, replacing whitespace with dashes.
 *
 * Removes special characters that are illegal in filenames on certain
 * operating systems and special characters requiring special escaping
 * to manipulate at the command line. Replaces spaces and consecutive
 * dashes with a single dash. Trims period, dash and underscore from beginning
 * and end of filename. It is not guaranteed that this function will return a
 * filename that is allowed to be uploaded.
 *
 * @since 2.1.0
 *
 * @param string $filename The filename to be sanitized.
 * @return string The sanitized filename.
 */
function sanitize_file_name( $filename ) {
	$filename_raw = $filename;
	$filename     = remove_accents( $filename );

	$special_chars = array( '?', '[', ']', '/', '\\', '=', '<', '>', ':', ';', ',', "'", '"', '&', '$', '#', '*', '(', ')', '|', '~', '`', '!', '{', '}', '%', '+', '’', '«', '»', '”', '“', chr( 0 ) );

	if ( ! wp_is_valid_utf8( $filename ) ) {
		$_ext     = pathinfo( $filename, PATHINFO_EXTENSION );
		$_name    = pathinfo( $filename, PATHINFO_FILENAME );
		$filename = sanitize_title_with_dashes( $_name ) . '.' . $_ext;
	}

	if ( _wp_can_use_pcre_u() ) {
		/**
		 * Replace all whitespace characters with a basic space (U+0020).
		 *
		 * The “Zs” in the pattern selects characters in the `Space_Separator`
		 * category, which is what Unicode considers space characters.
		 *
		 * @see https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/#General_Category_Values
		 * @see https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode16.0.0/core-spec/chapter-6/#G17548
		 * @see https://www.php.net/manual/en/regexp.reference.unicode.php
		 */
		$filename = preg_replace( '#\p{Zs}#siu', ' ', $filename );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the list of characters to remove from a filename.
	 *
	 * @since 2.8.0
	 *
	 * @param string[] $special_chars Array of characters to remove.
	 * @param string   $filename_raw  The original filename to be sanitized.
	 */
	$special_chars = apply_filters( 'sanitize_file_name_chars', $special_chars, $filename_raw );

	$filename = str_replace( $special_chars, '', $filename );
	$filename = str_replace( array( '%20', '+' ), '-', $filename );
	$filename = preg_replace( '/\.{2,}/', '.', $filename );
	$filename = preg_replace( '/[\r\n\t -]+/', '-', $filename );
	$filename = trim( $filename, '.-_' );

	if ( ! str_contains( $filename, '.' ) ) {
		$mime_types = wp_get_mime_types();
		$filetype   = wp_check_filetype( 'test.' . $filename, $mime_types );
		if ( $filetype['ext'] === $filename ) {
			$filename = 'unnamed-file.' . $filetype['ext'];
		}
	}

	// Split the filename into a base and extension[s].
	$parts = explode( '.', $filename );

	// Return if only one extension.
	if ( count( $parts ) <= 2 ) {
		/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/formatting.php */
		return apply_filters( 'sanitize_file_name', $filename, $filename_raw );
	}

	// Process multiple extensions.
	$filename  = array_shift( $parts );
	$extension = array_pop( $parts );
	$mimes     = get_allowed_mime_types();

	/*
	 * Loop over any intermediate extensions. Postfix them with a trailing underscore
	 * if they are a 2 - 5 character long alpha string not in the allowed extension list.
	 */
	foreach ( (array) $parts as $part ) {
		$filename .= '.' . $part;

		if ( preg_match( '/^[a-zA-Z]{2,5}\d?$/', $part ) ) {
			$allowed = false;
			foreach ( $mimes as $ext_preg => $mime_match ) {
				$ext_preg = '!^(' . $ext_preg . ')$!i';
				if ( preg_match( $ext_preg, $part ) ) {
					$allowed = true;
					break;
				}
			}
			if ( ! $allowed ) {
				$filename .= '_';
			}
		}
	}

	$filename .= '.' . $extension;

	/**
	 * Filters a sanitized filename string.
	 *
	 * @since 2.8.0
	 *
	 * @param string $filename     Sanitized filename.
	 * @param string $filename_raw The filename prior to sanitization.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'sanitize_file_name', $filename, $filename_raw );
}

/**
 * Sanitizes a username, stripping out unsafe characters.
 *
 * Removes tags, percent-encoded characters, HTML entities, and if strict is enabled,
 * will only keep alphanumeric, _, space, ., -, @. After sanitizing, it passes the username,
 * raw username (the username in the parameter), and the value of $strict as parameters
 * for the {@see 'sanitize_user'} filter.
 *
 * @since 2.0.0
 *
 * @param string $username The username to be sanitized.
 * @param bool   $strict   Optional. If set to true, limits $username to specific characters.
 *                         Default false.
 * @return string The sanitized username, after passing through filters.
 */
function sanitize_user( $username, $strict = false ) {
	$raw_username = $username;
	$username     = wp_strip_all_tags( $username );
	$username     = remove_accents( $username );
	// Remove percent-encoded characters.
	$username = preg_replace( '|%([a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])|', '', $username );
	// Remove HTML entities.
	$username = preg_replace( '/&.+?;/', '', $username );

	// If strict, reduce to ASCII for max portability.
	if ( $strict ) {
		$username = preg_replace( '|[^a-z0-9 _.\-@]|i', '', $username );
	}

	$username = trim( $username );
	// Consolidate contiguous whitespace.
	$username = preg_replace( '|\s+|', ' ', $username );

	/**
	 * Filters a sanitized username string.
	 *
	 * @since 2.0.1
	 *
	 * @param string $username     Sanitized username.
	 * @param string $raw_username The username prior to sanitization.
	 * @param bool   $strict       Whether to limit the sanitization to specific characters.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'sanitize_user', $username, $raw_username, $strict );
}

/**
 * Sanitizes a string key.
 *
 * Keys are used as internal identifiers. Lowercase alphanumeric characters,
 * dashes, and underscores are allowed.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 *
 * @param string $key String key.
 * @return string Sanitized key.
 * @phpstan-return lowercase-string
 */
function sanitize_key( $key ) {
	$sanitized_key = '';

	if ( is_scalar( $key ) ) {
		$sanitized_key = strtolower( $key );
		$sanitized_key = preg_replace( '/[^a-z0-9_\-]/', '', $sanitized_key );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters a sanitized key string.
	 *
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 *
	 * @param string $sanitized_key Sanitized key.
	 * @param string $key           The key prior to sanitization.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'sanitize_key', $sanitized_key, $key );
}

/**
 * Sanitizes a string into a slug, which can be used in URLs or HTML attributes.
 *
 * By default, converts accent characters to ASCII characters and further
 * limits the output to alphanumeric characters, underscore (_) and dash (-)
 * through the {@see 'sanitize_title'} filter.
 *
 * If `$title` is empty and `$fallback_title` is set, the latter will be used.
 *
 * @since 1.0.0
 *
 * @param string $title          The string to be sanitized.
 * @param string $fallback_title Optional. A title to use if $title is empty. Default empty.
 * @param string $context        Optional. The operation for which the string is sanitized.
 *                               When set to 'save', the string runs through remove_accents().
 *                               Default 'save'.
 * @return string The sanitized string.
 */
function sanitize_title( $title, $fallback_title = '', $context = 'save' ) {
	$raw_title = $title;

	if ( 'save' === $context ) {
		$title = remove_accents( $title );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters a sanitized title string.
	 *
	 * @since 1.2.0
	 *
	 * @param string $title     Sanitized title.
	 * @param string $raw_title The title prior to sanitization.
	 * @param string $context   The context for which the title is being sanitized.
	 */
	$title = apply_filters( 'sanitize_title', $title, $raw_title, $context );

	if ( '' === $title || false === $title ) {
		$title = $fallback_title;
	}

	return $title;
}

/**
 * Sanitizes a title with the 'query' context.
 *
 * Used for querying the database for a value from URL.
 *
 * @since 3.1.0
 *
 * @param string $title The string to be sanitized.
 * @return string The sanitized string.
 */
function sanitize_title_for_query( $title ) {
	return sanitize_title( $title, '', 'query' );
}

/**
 * Sanitizes a title, replacing whitespace and a few other characters with dashes.
 *
 * Limits the output to alphanumeric characters, underscore (_) and dash (-).
 * Whitespace becomes a dash.
 *
 * @since 1.2.0
 *
 * @param string $title     The title to be sanitized.
 * @param string $raw_title Optional. Not used. Default empty.
 * @param string $context   Optional. The operation for which the string is sanitized.
 *                          When set to 'save', additional entities are converted to hyphens
 *                          or stripped entirely. Default 'display'.
 * @return string The sanitized title.
 */
function sanitize_title_with_dashes( $title, $raw_title = '', $context = 'display' ) {
	$title = strip_tags( $title );
	// Preserve escaped octets.
	$title = preg_replace( '|%([a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])|', '---$1---', $title );
	// Remove percent signs that are not part of an octet.
	$title = str_replace( '%', '', $title );
	// Restore octets.
	$title = preg_replace( '|---([a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])---|', '%$1', $title );

	if ( wp_is_valid_utf8( $title ) ) {
		if ( function_exists( 'mb_strtolower' ) ) {
			$title = mb_strtolower( $title, 'UTF-8' );
		}
		$title = utf8_uri_encode( $title, 200 );
	}

	$title = strtolower( $title );

	if ( 'save' === $context ) {
		// Convert  , non-breaking hyphen, &ndash, and &mdash to hyphens.
		$title = str_replace( array( '%c2%a0', '%e2%80%91', '%e2%80%93', '%e2%80%94' ), '-', $title );
		// Convert  , non-breaking hyphen, &ndash, and &mdash HTML entities to hyphens.
		$title = str_replace( array( ' ', '‑', ' ', '–', '–', '—', '—' ), '-', $title );
		// Convert forward slash to hyphen.
		$title = str_replace( '/', '-', $title );

		// Strip these characters entirely.
		$title = str_replace(
			array(
				// Soft hyphens.
				'%c2%ad',
				// ¡ and ¿.
				'%c2%a1',
				'%c2%bf',
				// Angle quotes.
				'%c2%ab',
				'%c2%bb',
				'%e2%80%b9',
				'%e2%80%ba',
				// Curly quotes.
				'%e2%80%98',
				'%e2%80%99',
				'%e2%80%9c',
				'%e2%80%9d',
				'%e2%80%9a',
				'%e2%80%9b',
				'%e2%80%9e',
				'%e2%80%9f',
				// Bullet.
				'%e2%80%a2',
				// ©, ®, °, &hellip, and &trade.
				'%c2%a9',
				'%c2%ae',
				'%c2%b0',
				'%e2%80%a6',
				'%e2%84%a2',
				// Acute accents.
				'%c2%b4',
				'%cb%8a',
				'%cc%81',
				'%cd%81',
				// Grave accent, macron, caron.
				'%cc%80',
				'%cc%84',
				'%cc%8c',
				// Non-visible characters that display without a width.
				'%e2%80%8b', // Zero width space.
				'%e2%80%8c', // Zero width non-joiner.
				'%e2%80%8d', // Zero width joiner.
				'%e2%80%8e', // Left-to-right mark.
				'%e2%80%8f', // Right-to-left mark.
				'%e2%80%aa', // Left-to-right embedding.
				'%e2%80%ab', // Right-to-left embedding.
				'%e2%80%ac', // Pop directional formatting.
				'%e2%80%ad', // Left-to-right override.
				'%e2%80%ae', // Right-to-left override.
				'%ef%bb%bf', // Byte order mark.
				'%ef%bf%bc', // Object replacement character.
			),
			'',
			$title
		);

		// Convert non-visible characters that display with a width to hyphen.
		$title = str_replace(
			array(
				'%e2%80%80', // En quad.
				'%e2%80%81', // Em quad.
				'%e2%80%82', // En space.
				'%e2%80%83', // Em space.
				'%e2%80%84', // Three-per-em space.
				'%e2%80%85', // Four-per-em space.
				'%e2%80%86', // Six-per-em space.
				'%e2%80%87', // Figure space.
				'%e2%80%88', // Punctuation space.
				'%e2%80%89', // Thin space.
				'%e2%80%8a', // Hair space.
				'%e2%80%a8', // Line separator.
				'%e2%80%a9', // Paragraph separator.
				'%e2%80%af', // Narrow no-break space.
			),
			'-',
			$title
		);

		// Convert × to 'x'.
		$title = str_replace( '%c3%97', 'x', $title );
	}

	// Remove HTML entities.
	$title = preg_replace( '/&.+?;/', '', $title );
	$title = str_replace( '.', '-', $title );

	$title = preg_replace( '/[^%a-z0-9 _-]/', '', $title );
	$title = preg_replace( '/\s+/', '-', $title );
	$title = preg_replace( '|-+|', '-', $title );
	$title = trim( $title, '-' );

	return $title;
}

/**
 * Ensures a string is a valid SQL 'order by' clause.
 *
 * Accepts one or more columns, with or without a sort order (ASC / DESC).
 * e.g. 'column_1', 'column_1, column_2', 'column_1 ASC, column_2 DESC' etc.
 *
 * Also accepts 'RAND()'.
 *
 * @since 2.5.1
 *
 * @param string $orderby Order by clause to be validated.
 * @return string|false Returns $orderby if valid, false otherwise.
 */
function sanitize_sql_orderby( $orderby ) {
	if ( preg_match( '/^\s*(([a-z0-9_]+|`[a-z0-9_]+`)(\s+(ASC|DESC))?\s*(,\s*(?=[a-z0-9_`])|$))+$/i', $orderby ) || preg_match( '/^\s*RAND\(\s*\)\s*$/i', $orderby ) ) {
		return $orderby;
	}
	return false;
}

/**
 * Sanitizes an HTML classname to ensure it only contains valid characters.
 *
 * Strips the string down to A-Z,a-z,0-9,_,-. If this results in an empty
 * string then it will return the alternative value supplied.
 *
 * @todo Expand to support the full range of CDATA that a class attribute can contain.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 *
 * @param string $classname The classname to be sanitized.
 * @param string $fallback  Optional. The value to return if the sanitization ends up as an empty string.
 *                          Default empty string.
 * @return string The sanitized value.
 */
function sanitize_html_class( $classname, $fallback = '' ) {
	// Strip out any percent-encoded characters.
	$sanitized = preg_replace( '|%[a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9]|', '', $classname );

	// Limit to A-Z, a-z, 0-9, '_', '-'.
	$sanitized = preg_replace( '/[^A-Za-z0-9_-]/', '', $sanitized );

	if ( '' === $sanitized && $fallback ) {
		return sanitize_html_class( $fallback );
	}
	/**
	 * Filters a sanitized HTML class string.
	 *
	 * @since 2.8.0
	 *
	 * @param string $sanitized The sanitized HTML class.
	 * @param string $classname HTML class before sanitization.
	 * @param string $fallback  The fallback string.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'sanitize_html_class', $sanitized, $classname, $fallback );
}

/**
 * Strips out all characters not allowed in a locale name.
 *
 * @since 6.2.1
 *
 * @param string $locale_name The locale name to be sanitized.
 * @return string The sanitized value.
 */
function sanitize_locale_name( $locale_name ) {
	// Limit to A-Z, a-z, 0-9, '_', '-'.
	$sanitized = preg_replace( '/[^A-Za-z0-9_-]/', '', $locale_name );

	/**
	 * Filters a sanitized locale name string.
	 *
	 * @since 6.2.1
	 *
	 * @param string $sanitized   The sanitized locale name.
	 * @param string $locale_name The locale name before sanitization.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'sanitize_locale_name', $sanitized, $locale_name );
}

/**
 * Converts lone & characters into `&` (a.k.a. `&`)
 *
 * @since 0.71
 *
 * @param string $content    String of characters to be converted.
 * @param string $deprecated Not used.
 * @return string Converted string.
 */
function convert_chars( $content, $deprecated = '' ) {
	if ( ! empty( $deprecated ) ) {
		_deprecated_argument( __FUNCTION__, '0.71' );
	}

	if ( str_contains( $content, '&' ) ) {
		$content = preg_replace( '/&([^#])(?![a-z1-4]{1,8};)/i', '&$1', $content );
	}

	return $content;
}

/**
 * Converts invalid Unicode references range to valid range.
 *
 * @since 4.3.0
 *
 * @param string $content String with entities that need converting.
 * @return string Converted string.
 */
function convert_invalid_entities( $content ) {
	$wp_htmltranswinuni = array(
		'€' => '€', // The Euro sign.
		'' => '',
		'‚' => '‚', // These are Windows CP1252 specific characters.
		'ƒ' => 'ƒ',  // They would look weird on non-Windows browsers.
		'„' => '„',
		'…' => '…',
		'†' => '†',
		'‡' => '‡',
		'ˆ' => 'ˆ',
		'‰' => '‰',
		'Š' => 'Š',
		'‹' => '‹',
		'Œ' => 'Œ',
		'' => '',
		'Ž' => 'Ž',
		'' => '',
		'' => '',
		'‘' => '‘',
		'’' => '’',
		'“' => '“',
		'”' => '”',
		'•' => '•',
		'–' => '–',
		'—' => '—',
		'˜' => '˜',
		'™' => '™',
		'š' => 'š',
		'›' => '›',
		'œ' => 'œ',
		'' => '',
		'ž' => 'ž',
		'Ÿ' => 'Ÿ',
	);

	if ( str_contains( $content, '' ) ) {
		$content = strtr( $content, $wp_htmltranswinuni );
	}

	return $content;
}

/**
 * Balances tags if forced to, or if the 'use_balanceTags' option is set to true.
 *
 * @since 0.71
 *
 * @param string $text  Text to be balanced.
 * @param bool   $force If true, forces balancing, ignoring the value of the option. Default false.
 * @return string Balanced text.
 */
function balanceTags( $text, $force = false ) {  // phpcs:ignore WordPress.NamingConventions.ValidFunctionName.FunctionNameInvalid
	if ( $force || 1 === (int) get_option( 'use_balanceTags' ) ) {
		return force_balance_tags( $text );
	} else {
		return $text;
	}
}

/**
 * Balances tags of string using a modified stack.
 *
 * {@internal Modified by Scott Reilly (coffee2code) 02 Aug 2004
 *      1.1  Fixed handling of append/stack pop order of end text
 *           Added Cleaning Hooks
 *      1.0  First Version}
 *
 * @since 2.0.4
 * @since 5.3.0 Improve accuracy and add support for custom element tags.
 *
 * @author Leonard Lin 
 * @license GPL
 * @copyright November 4, 2001
 * @version 1.1
 * @todo Make better - change loop condition to $text in 1.2
 *
 * @param string $text Text to be balanced.
 * @return string Balanced text.
 */
function force_balance_tags( $text ) {
	$tagstack  = array();
	$stacksize = 0;
	$tagqueue  = '';
	$newtext   = '';
	// Known single-entity/self-closing tags.
	$single_tags = array( 'area', 'base', 'basefont', 'br', 'col', 'command', 'embed', 'frame', 'hr', 'img', 'input', 'isindex', 'link', 'meta', 'param', 'source', 'track', 'wbr' );
	// Tags that can be immediately nested within themselves.
	$nestable_tags = array( 'article', 'aside', 'blockquote', 'details', 'div', 'figure', 'object', 'q', 'section', 'span' );

	// WP bug fix for comments - in case you REALLY meant to type '< !--'.
	$text = str_replace( '< !--', '<    !--', $text );
	// WP bug fix for LOVE <3 (and other situations with '<' before a number).
	$text = preg_replace( '#<([0-9]{1})#', '<$1', $text );

	/**
	 * Matches supported tags.
	 *
	 * To get the pattern as a string without the comments paste into a PHP
	 * REPL like `php -a`.
	 *
	 * @see https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#elements-2
	 * @see https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/custom-elements.html#valid-custom-element-name
	 *
	 * @example
	 * ~# php -a
	 * php > $s = [paste copied contents of expression below including parentheses];
	 * php > echo $s;
	 */
	$tag_pattern = (
		'#<' . // Start with an opening bracket.
		'(/?)' . // Group 1 - If it's a closing tag it'll have a leading slash.
		'(' . // Group 2 - Tag name.
			// Custom element tags have more lenient rules than HTML tag names.
			'(?:[a-z](?:[a-z0-9._]*)-(?:[a-z0-9._-]+)+)' .
				'|' .
			// Traditional tag rules approximate HTML tag names.
			'(?:[\w:]+)' .
		')' .
		'(?:' .
			// We either immediately close the tag with its '>' and have nothing here.
			'\s*' .
			'(/?)' . // Group 3 - "attributes" for empty tag.
				'|' .
			// Or we must start with space characters to separate the tag name from the attributes (or whitespace).
			'(\s+)' . // Group 4 - Pre-attribute whitespace.
			'([^>]*)' . // Group 5 - Attributes.
		')' .
		'>#' // End with a closing bracket.
	);

	while ( preg_match( $tag_pattern, $text, $regex ) ) {
		$full_match        = $regex[0];
		$has_leading_slash = ! empty( $regex[1] );
		$tag_name          = $regex[2];
		$tag               = strtolower( $tag_name );
		$is_single_tag     = in_array( $tag, $single_tags, true );
		$pre_attribute_ws  = $regex[4] ?? '';
		$attributes        = trim( $regex[5] ?? $regex[3] );
		$has_self_closer   = str_ends_with( $attributes, '/' );

		$newtext .= $tagqueue;

		$i = strpos( $text, $full_match );
		$l = strlen( $full_match );

		// Clear the shifter.
		$tagqueue = '';
		if ( $has_leading_slash ) { // End tag.
			// If too many closing tags.
			if ( $stacksize <= 0 ) {
				$tag = '';
				// Or close to be safe $tag = '/' . $tag.

				// If stacktop value = tag close value, then pop.
			} elseif ( $tagstack[ $stacksize - 1 ] === $tag ) { // Found closing tag.
				$tag = ''; // Close tag.
				array_pop( $tagstack );
				--$stacksize;
			} else { // Closing tag not at top, search for it.
				for ( $j = $stacksize - 1; $j >= 0; $j-- ) {
					if ( $tagstack[ $j ] === $tag ) {
						// Add tag to tagqueue.
						for ( $k = $stacksize - 1; $k >= $j; $k-- ) {
							$tagqueue .= '';
							--$stacksize;
						}
						break;
					}
				}
				$tag = '';
			}
		} else { // Begin tag.
			if ( $has_self_closer ) {
				/*
				 * If it presents itself as a self-closing tag, but it isn't a known single-entity self-closing tag,
				 * then don't let it be treated as such and immediately close it with a closing tag.
				 * The tag will encapsulate no text as a result.
				 */
				if ( ! $is_single_tag ) {
					$attributes = trim( substr( $attributes, 0, -1 ) ) . "> 0 && ! in_array( $tag, $nestable_tags, true ) && $tagstack[ $stacksize - 1 ] === $tag ) {
					$tagqueue = '';
					--$stacksize;
				}
				$stacksize = array_push( $tagstack, $tag );
			}

			// Attributes.
			if ( $has_self_closer && $is_single_tag ) {
				// We need some space - avoid 
 and prefer 
.
				$pre_attribute_ws = ' ';
			}

			$tag = '<' . $tag . $pre_attribute_ws . $attributes . '>';
			// If already queuing a close tag, then put this tag on too.
			if ( ! empty( $tagqueue ) ) {
				$tagqueue .= $tag;
				$tag       = '';
			}
		}
		$newtext .= substr( $text, 0, $i ) . $tag;
		$text     = substr( $text, $i + $l );
	}

	// Clear tag queue.
	$newtext .= $tagqueue;

	// Add remaining text.
	$newtext .= $text;

	while ( $x = array_pop( $tagstack ) ) {
		$newtext .= ''; // Add remaining tags to close.
	}

	// WP fix for the bug with HTML comments.
	$newtext = str_replace( '< !--', ' ' ) );

	// Collapse line breaks before and after ', $text );
	}

	/*
	 * Collapse line breaks inside ' ) ) {
		$text = preg_replace( '|(]*>)\s*|', '$1', $text );
		$text = preg_replace( '|\s*|', '', $text );
		$text = preg_replace( '%\s*(]*>)\s*%', '$1', $text );
	}

	/*
	 * Collapse line breaks inside 
 elements.
	if ( str_contains( $text, ']*>)|', '$1', $text );
		$text = preg_replace( '|\s*|', '', $text );
	}

	// Remove more than two contiguous line breaks.
	$text = preg_replace( "/\n\n+/", "\n\n", $text );

	// Split up the contents into an array of strings, separated by double line breaks.
	$paragraphs = preg_split( '/\n\s*\n/', $text, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY );

	// Reset $text prior to rebuilding.
	$text = '';

	// Rebuild the content as a string, wrapping every bit with a .
	foreach ( $paragraphs as $paragraph ) {
		$text .= '
' . trim( $paragraph, "\n" ) . "\n";
	}

	// Under certain strange conditions it could create a P of entirely whitespace.
	$text = preg_replace( '|\s*|', '', $text );

	// Add a closing  inside 
, , or  tag if missing.
	$text = preg_replace( '!([^<]+)!', '
$1
', $text );

	// If an opening or closing block element tag is wrapped in a , unwrap it.
	$text = preg_replace( '!
\s*(]*>)\s*!', '$1', $text );

	// In some cases  may get wrapped in , fix them.
	$text = preg_replace( '|
(|', '$1', $text );

	// If a 
 is wrapped with a , move it inside the 
.
	$text = preg_replace( '|]*)>|i', '
', $text );
	$text = str_replace( '
', '', $text );

	// If an opening or closing block element tag is preceded by an opening  tag, remove it.
	$text = preg_replace( '!
\s*(]*>)!', '$1', $text );

	// If an opening or closing block element tag is followed by a closing 
 tag, remove it.
	$text = preg_replace( '!(]*>)\s*!', '$1', $text );

	// Optionally insert line breaks.
	if ( $br ) {
		// Replace newlines that shouldn't be touched with a placeholder.
		$text = preg_replace_callback( '/<(script|style|svg|math).*?<\/\\1>/s', '_autop_newline_preservation_helper', $text );

		// Normalize 
.
		$text = str_replace( array( '
', '
' ), '
', $text );

		// Replace any new line characters that aren't preceded by a 
 with a 
.
		$text = preg_replace( '|(?)\s*\n|', "
\n", $text );

		// Replace newline placeholders with newlines.
		$text = str_replace( '', "\n", $text );
	}

	// If a 
 tag is after an opening or closing block tag, remove it.
	$text = preg_replace( '!(]*>)\s*
!', '$1', $text );

	// If a 
 tag is before a subset of opening or closing block tags, remove it.
	$text = preg_replace( '!
(\s*]*>)!', '$1', $text );
	$text = preg_replace( "|\n
$|", '', $text );

	// Replace placeholder  tags with their original content.
	if ( ! empty( $pre_tags ) ) {
		$text = str_replace( array_keys( $pre_tags ), array_values( $pre_tags ), $text );
	}

	// Restore newlines in all elements.
	if ( str_contains( $text, '' ) ) {
		$text = str_replace( array( '  ', '' ), "\n", $text );
	}

	return $text;
}

/**
 * Separates HTML elements and comments from the text.
 *
 * @since 4.2.4
 *
 * @param string $input The text which has to be formatted.
 * @return string[] Array of the formatted text.
 */
function wp_html_split( $input ) {
	return preg_split( get_html_split_regex(), $input, -1, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE );
}

/**
 * Retrieves the regular expression for an HTML element.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @return string The regular expression.
 */
function get_html_split_regex() {
	static $regex;

	if ( ! isset( $regex ) ) {
		// phpcs:disable Squiz.Strings.ConcatenationSpacing.PaddingFound -- don't remove regex indentation
		$comments =
			'!'             // Start of comment, after the <.
			. '(?:'         // Unroll the loop: Consume everything until --> is found.
			.     '-(?!->)' // Dash not followed by end of comment.
			.     '[^\-]*+' // Consume non-dashes.
			. ')*+'         // Loop possessively.
			. '(?:-->)?';   // End of comment. If not found, match all input.

		$cdata =
			'!\[CDATA\['    // Start of comment, after the <.
			. '[^\]]*+'     // Consume non-].
			. '(?:'         // Unroll the loop: Consume everything until ]]> is found.
			.     '](?!]>)' // One ] not followed by end of comment.
			.     '[^\]]*+' // Consume non-].
			. ')*+'         // Loop possessively.
			. '(?:]]>)?';   // End of comment. If not found, match all input.

		$escaped =
			'(?='             // Is the element escaped?
			.    '!--'
			. '|'
			.    '!\[CDATA\['
			. ')'
			. '(?(?=!-)'      // If yes, which type?
			.     $comments
			. '|'
			.     $cdata
			. ')';

		$regex =
			'/('                // Capture the entire match.
			.     '<'           // Find start of element.
			.     '(?'          // Conditional expression follows.
			.         $escaped  // Find end of escaped element.
			.     '|'           // ...else...
			.         '[^>]*>?' // Find end of normal element.
			.     ')'
			. ')/';
		// phpcs:enable
	}

	return $regex;
}

/**
 * Retrieves the combined regular expression for HTML and shortcodes.
 *
 * @access private
 * @ignore
 * @internal This function will be removed in 4.5.0 per Shortcode API Roadmap.
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @param string $shortcode_regex Optional. The result from _get_wptexturize_shortcode_regex().
 * @return string The regular expression.
 */
function _get_wptexturize_split_regex( $shortcode_regex = '' ) {
	static $html_regex;

	if ( ! isset( $html_regex ) ) {
		// phpcs:disable Squiz.Strings.ConcatenationSpacing.PaddingFound -- don't remove regex indentation
		$comment_regex =
			'!'             // Start of comment, after the <.
			. '(?:'         // Unroll the loop: Consume everything until --> is found.
			.     '-(?!->)' // Dash not followed by end of comment.
			.     '[^\-]*+' // Consume non-dashes.
			. ')*+'         // Loop possessively.
			. '(?:-->)?';   // End of comment. If not found, match all input.

		$html_regex = // Needs replaced with wp_html_split() per Shortcode API Roadmap.
			'<'                  // Find start of element.
			. '(?(?=!--)'        // Is this a comment?
			.     $comment_regex // Find end of comment.
			. '|'
			.     '[^>]*>?'      // Find end of element. If not found, match all input.
			. ')';
		// phpcs:enable
	}

	if ( empty( $shortcode_regex ) ) {
		$regex = '/(' . $html_regex . ')/';
	} else {
		$regex = '/(' . $html_regex . '|' . $shortcode_regex . ')/';
	}

	return $regex;
}

/**
 * Retrieves the regular expression for shortcodes.
 *
 * @access private
 * @ignore
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @param string[] $tagnames Array of shortcodes to find.
 * @return string The regular expression.
 */
function _get_wptexturize_shortcode_regex( $tagnames ) {
	$tagregexp = implode( '|', array_map( 'preg_quote', $tagnames ) );
	$tagregexp = "(?:$tagregexp)(?=[\\s\\]\\/])"; // Excerpt of get_shortcode_regex().
	// phpcs:disable Squiz.Strings.ConcatenationSpacing.PaddingFound -- don't remove regex indentation
	$regex =
		'\['                // Find start of shortcode.
		. '[\/\[]?'         // Shortcodes may begin with [/ or [[.
		. $tagregexp        // Only match registered shortcodes, because performance.
		. '(?:'
		.     '[^\[\]<>]+'  // Shortcodes do not contain other shortcodes. Quantifier critical.
		. '|'
		.     '<[^\[\]>]*>' // HTML elements permitted. Prevents matching ] before >.
		. ')*+'             // Possessive critical.
		. '\]'              // Find end of shortcode.
		. '\]?';            // Shortcodes may end with ]].
	// phpcs:enable

	return $regex;
}

/**
 * Replaces characters or phrases within HTML elements only.
 *
 * @since 4.2.3
 *
 * @param string $haystack      The text which has to be formatted.
 * @param array  $replace_pairs In the form array('from' => 'to', ...).
 * @return string The formatted text.
 */
function wp_replace_in_html_tags( $haystack, $replace_pairs ) {
	// Find all elements.
	$textarr = wp_html_split( $haystack );
	$changed = false;

	// Optimize when searching for one item.
	if ( 1 === count( $replace_pairs ) ) {
		// Extract $needle and $replace.
		$needle  = array_key_first( $replace_pairs );
		$replace = $replace_pairs[ $needle ];

		// Loop through delimiters (elements) only.
		for ( $i = 1, $c = count( $textarr ); $i < $c; $i += 2 ) {
			if ( str_contains( $textarr[ $i ], $needle ) ) {
				$textarr[ $i ] = str_replace( $needle, $replace, $textarr[ $i ] );
				$changed       = true;
			}
		}
	} else {
		// Extract all $needles.
		$needles = array_keys( $replace_pairs );

		// Loop through delimiters (elements) only.
		for ( $i = 1, $c = count( $textarr ); $i < $c; $i += 2 ) {
			foreach ( $needles as $needle ) {
				if ( str_contains( $textarr[ $i ], $needle ) ) {
					$textarr[ $i ] = strtr( $textarr[ $i ], $replace_pairs );
					$changed       = true;
					// After one strtr() break out of the foreach loop and look at next element.
					break;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	if ( $changed ) {
		$haystack = implode( $textarr );
	}

	return $haystack;
}

/**
 * Newline preservation help function for wpautop().
 *
 * @since 3.1.0
 * @access private
 *
 * @param array $matches preg_replace_callback matches array
 * @return string Text with newlines replaced with placeholders.
 */
function _autop_newline_preservation_helper( $matches ) {
	return str_replace( "\n", '', $matches[0] );
}

/**
 * Don't auto-p wrap shortcodes that stand alone.
 *
 * Ensures that shortcodes are not wrapped in `...`.
 *
 * @since 2.9.0
 *
 * @global array $shortcode_tags
 *
 * @param string $text The content.
 * @return string The filtered content.
 */
function shortcode_unautop( $text ) {
	global $shortcode_tags;

	if ( empty( $shortcode_tags ) || ! is_array( $shortcode_tags ) ) {
		return $text;
	}

	$tagregexp = implode( '|', array_map( 'preg_quote', array_keys( $shortcode_tags ) ) );
	$spaces    = wp_spaces_regexp();

	// phpcs:disable Squiz.Strings.ConcatenationSpacing.PaddingFound,Universal.WhiteSpace.PrecisionAlignment.Found -- don't remove regex indentation
	$pattern =
		'/'
		. ''                              // Opening paragraph.
		. '(?:' . $spaces . ')*+'            // Optional leading whitespace.
		. '('                                // 1: The shortcode.
		.     '\\['                          // Opening bracket.
		.     "($tagregexp)"                 // 2: Shortcode name.
		.     '(?![\\w-])'                   // Not followed by word character or hyphen.
											 // Unroll the loop: Inside the opening shortcode tag.
		.     '[^\\]\\/]*'                   // Not a closing bracket or forward slash.
		.     '(?:'
		.         '\\/(?!\\])'               // A forward slash not followed by a closing bracket.
		.         '[^\\]\\/]*'               // Not a closing bracket or forward slash.
		.     ')*?'
		.     '(?:'
		.         '\\/\\]'                   // Self closing tag and closing bracket.
		.     '|'
		.         '\\]'                      // Closing bracket.
		.         '(?:'                      // Unroll the loop: Optionally, anything between the opening and closing shortcode tags.
		.             '[^\\[]*+'             // Not an opening bracket.
		.             '(?:'
		.                 '\\[(?!\\/\\2\\])' // An opening bracket not followed by the closing shortcode tag.
		.                 '[^\\[]*+'         // Not an opening bracket.
		.             ')*+'
		.             '\\[\\/\\2\\]'         // Closing shortcode tag.
		.         ')?'
		.     ')'
		. ')'
		. '(?:' . $spaces . ')*+'            // Optional trailing whitespace.
		. '<\\/p>'                           // Closing paragraph.
		. '/';
	// phpcs:enable

	return preg_replace( $pattern, '$1', $text );
}

/**
 * Checks to see if a string is utf8 encoded.
 *
 * NOTE: This function checks for 5-Byte sequences, UTF8
 *       has Bytes Sequences with a maximum length of 4.
 *
 * @author bmorel at ssi dot fr (modified)
 * @since 1.2.1
 * @deprecated 6.9.0 Use {@see wp_is_valid_utf8()} instead.
 *
 * @param string $str The string to be checked.
 * @return bool True if $str fits a UTF-8 model, false otherwise.
 */
function seems_utf8( $str ) {
	_deprecated_function( __FUNCTION__, '6.9.0', 'wp_is_valid_utf8()' );

	mbstring_binary_safe_encoding();
	$length = strlen( $str );
	reset_mbstring_encoding();

	for ( $i = 0; $i < $length; $i++ ) {
		$c = ord( $str[ $i ] );

		if ( $c < 0x80 ) {
			$n = 0; // 0bbbbbbb
		} elseif ( ( $c & 0xE0 ) === 0xC0 ) {
			$n = 1; // 110bbbbb
		} elseif ( ( $c & 0xF0 ) === 0xE0 ) {
			$n = 2; // 1110bbbb
		} elseif ( ( $c & 0xF8 ) === 0xF0 ) {
			$n = 3; // 11110bbb
		} elseif ( ( $c & 0xFC ) === 0xF8 ) {
			$n = 4; // 111110bb
		} elseif ( ( $c & 0xFE ) === 0xFC ) {
			$n = 5; // 1111110b
		} else {
			return false; // Does not match any model.
		}

		for ( $j = 0; $j < $n; $j++ ) { // n bytes matching 10bbbbbb follow?
			if ( ( ++$i === $length ) || ( ( ord( $str[ $i ] ) & 0xC0 ) !== 0x80 ) ) {
				return false;
			}
		}
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Converts a number of special characters into their HTML entities.
 *
 * Specifically deals with: `&`, `<`, `>`, `"`, and `'`.
 *
 * `$quote_style` can be set to ENT_COMPAT to encode `"` to
 * `"`, or ENT_QUOTES to do both. Default is ENT_NOQUOTES where no quotes are encoded.
 *
 * @since 1.2.2
 * @since 5.5.0 `$quote_style` also accepts `ENT_XML1`.
 * @access private
 *
 * @param string       $text          The text which is to be encoded.
 * @param int|string   $quote_style   Optional. Converts double quotes if set to ENT_COMPAT,
 *                                    both single and double if set to ENT_QUOTES or none if set to ENT_NOQUOTES.
 *                                    Converts single and double quotes, as well as converting HTML
 *                                    named entities (that are not also XML named entities) to their
 *                                    code points if set to ENT_XML1. Also compatible with old values;
 *                                    converting single quotes if set to 'single',
 *                                    double if set to 'double' or both if otherwise set.
 *                                    Default is ENT_NOQUOTES.
 * @param false|string $charset       Optional. The character encoding of the string. Default false.
 * @param bool         $double_encode Optional. Whether to encode existing HTML entities. Default false.
 * @return string The encoded text with HTML entities.
 */
function _wp_specialchars( $text, $quote_style = ENT_NOQUOTES, $charset = false, $double_encode = false ) {
	$text = (string) $text;

	if ( 0 === strlen( $text ) ) {
		return '';
	}

	// Don't bother if there are no specialchars - saves some processing.
	if ( ! preg_match( '/[&<>"\']/', $text ) ) {
		return $text;
	}

	// Account for the previous behavior of the function when the $quote_style is not an accepted value.
	if ( empty( $quote_style ) ) {
		$quote_style = ENT_NOQUOTES;
	} elseif ( ENT_XML1 === $quote_style ) {
		$quote_style = ENT_QUOTES | ENT_XML1;
	} elseif ( ! in_array( $quote_style, array( ENT_NOQUOTES, ENT_COMPAT, ENT_QUOTES, 'single', 'double' ), true ) ) {
		$quote_style = ENT_QUOTES;
	}

	$charset = _canonical_charset( $charset ? $charset : get_option( 'blog_charset' ) );

	$_quote_style = $quote_style;

	if ( 'double' === $quote_style ) {
		$quote_style  = ENT_COMPAT;
		$_quote_style = ENT_COMPAT;
	} elseif ( 'single' === $quote_style ) {
		$quote_style = ENT_NOQUOTES;
	}

	if ( ! $double_encode ) {
		/*
		 * Guarantee every &entity; is valid, convert &garbage; into &garbage;
		 * This is required for PHP < 5.4.0 because ENT_HTML401 flag is unavailable.
		 */
		$text = wp_kses_normalize_entities( $text, ( $quote_style & ENT_XML1 ) ? 'xml' : 'html' );
	}

	$text = htmlspecialchars( $text, $quote_style, $charset, $double_encode );

	// Back-compat.
	if ( 'single' === $_quote_style ) {
		$text = str_replace( "'", ''', $text );
	}

	return $text;
}

/**
 * Converts a number of HTML entities into their special characters.
 *
 * Specifically deals with: `&`, `<`, `>`, `"`, and `'`.
 *
 * `$quote_style` can be set to ENT_COMPAT to decode `"` entities,
 * or ENT_QUOTES to do both `"` and `'`. Default is ENT_NOQUOTES where no quotes are decoded.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 *
 * @param string     $text        The text which is to be decoded.
 * @param string|int $quote_style Optional. Converts double quotes if set to ENT_COMPAT,
 *                                both single and double if set to ENT_QUOTES or
 *                                none if set to ENT_NOQUOTES.
 *                                Also compatible with old _wp_specialchars() values;
 *                                converting single quotes if set to 'single',
 *                                double if set to 'double' or both if otherwise set.
 *                                Default is ENT_NOQUOTES.
 * @return string The decoded text without HTML entities.
 */
function wp_specialchars_decode( $text, $quote_style = ENT_NOQUOTES ) {
	$text = (string) $text;

	if ( 0 === strlen( $text ) ) {
		return '';
	}

	// Don't bother if there are no entities - saves a lot of processing.
	if ( ! str_contains( $text, '&' ) ) {
		return $text;
	}

	// Match the previous behavior of _wp_specialchars() when the $quote_style is not an accepted value.
	if ( empty( $quote_style ) ) {
		$quote_style = ENT_NOQUOTES;
	} elseif ( ! in_array( $quote_style, array( 0, 2, 3, 'single', 'double' ), true ) ) {
		$quote_style = ENT_QUOTES;
	}

	// More complete than get_html_translation_table( HTML_SPECIALCHARS ).
	$single      = array(
		''' => '\'',
		''' => '\'',
	);
	$single_preg = array(
		'/�*39;/'   => ''',
		'/�*27;/i' => ''',
	);
	$double      = array(
		'"' => '"',
		'"' => '"',
		'"' => '"',
	);
	$double_preg = array(
		'/�*34;/'   => '"',
		'/�*22;/i' => '"',
	);
	$others      = array(
		'<'   => '<',
		'<' => '<',
		'>'   => '>',
		'>' => '>',
		'&'  => '&',
		'&' => '&',
		'&' => '&',
	);
	$others_preg = array(
		'/�*60;/'   => '<',
		'/�*62;/'   => '>',
		'/�*38;/'   => '&',
		'/�*26;/i' => '&',
	);

	if ( ENT_QUOTES === $quote_style ) {
		$translation      = array_merge( $single, $double, $others );
		$translation_preg = array_merge( $single_preg, $double_preg, $others_preg );
	} elseif ( ENT_COMPAT === $quote_style || 'double' === $quote_style ) {
		$translation      = array_merge( $double, $others );
		$translation_preg = array_merge( $double_preg, $others_preg );
	} elseif ( 'single' === $quote_style ) {
		$translation      = array_merge( $single, $others );
		$translation_preg = array_merge( $single_preg, $others_preg );
	} elseif ( ENT_NOQUOTES === $quote_style ) {
		$translation      = $others;
		$translation_preg = $others_preg;
	}

	// Remove zero padding on numeric entities.
	$text = preg_replace( array_keys( $translation_preg ), array_values( $translation_preg ), $text );

	// Replace characters according to translation table.
	return strtr( $text, $translation );
}

/**
 * Checks for invalid UTF8 in a string.
 *
 * Note! This function only performs its work if the `blog_charset` is set
 * to UTF-8. For all other values it returns the input text unchanged.
 *
 * Note! Unless requested, this returns an empty string if the input contains
 * any sequences of invalid UTF-8. To replace invalid byte sequences, pass
 * `true` as the optional `$strip` parameter.
 *
 * Consider using {@see wp_scrub_utf8()} instead which does not depend on
 * the value of `blog_charset`.
 *
 * Example:
 *
 *     // The `blog_charset` is `latin1`, so this returns the input unchanged.
 *     $every_possible_input === wp_check_invalid_utf8( $every_possible_input );
 *
 *     // Valid strings come through unchanged.
 *     'test' === wp_check_invalid_utf8( 'test' );
 *
 *     $invalid = "the byte \xC0 is never allowed in a UTF-8 string.";
 *
 *     // Invalid strings are rejected outright.
 *     '' === wp_check_invalid_utf8( $invalid );
 *
 *     // “Stripping” invalid sequences produces the replacement character instead.
 *     "the byte \u{FFFD} is never allowed in a UTF-8 string." === wp_check_invalid_utf8( $invalid, true );
 *     'the byte � is never allowed in a UTF-8 string.' === wp_check_invalid_utf8( $invalid, true );
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 * @since 6.9.0 Stripping replaces invalid byte sequences with the Unicode replacement character U+FFFD (�).
 *
 * @param string $text   String which is expected to be encoded as UTF-8 unless `blog_charset` is another encoding.
 * @param bool   $strip  Optional. Whether to replace invalid sequences of bytes with the Unicode replacement
 *                       character (U+FFFD `�`). Default `false` returns an empty string for invalid UTF-8 inputs.
 * @return string The checked text.
 */
function wp_check_invalid_utf8( $text, $strip = false ) {
	$text = (string) $text;

	if ( 0 === strlen( $text ) ) {
		return '';
	}

	// Store the site charset as a static to avoid multiple calls to get_option().
	static $is_utf8 = null;
	if ( ! isset( $is_utf8 ) ) {
		$is_utf8 = is_utf8_charset();
	}

	if ( ! $is_utf8 || wp_is_valid_utf8( $text ) ) {
		return $text;
	}

	return $strip
		? wp_scrub_utf8( $text )
		: '';
}

/**
 * Encodes the Unicode values to be used in the URI.
 *
 * @since 1.5.0
 * @since 5.8.3 Added the `encode_ascii_characters` parameter.
 *
 * @param string $utf8_string             String to encode.
 * @param int    $length                  Max length of the string.
 * @param bool   $encode_ascii_characters Whether to encode ascii characters such as < " '
 * @return string String with Unicode encoded for URI.
 */
function utf8_uri_encode( $utf8_string, $length = 0, $encode_ascii_characters = false ) {
	$unicode        = '';
	$values         = array();
	$num_octets     = 1;
	$unicode_length = 0;

	mbstring_binary_safe_encoding();
	$string_length = strlen( $utf8_string );
	reset_mbstring_encoding();

	for ( $i = 0; $i < $string_length; $i++ ) {

		$value = ord( $utf8_string[ $i ] );

		if ( $value < 128 ) {
			$char                = chr( $value );
			$encoded_char        = $encode_ascii_characters ? rawurlencode( $char ) : $char;
			$encoded_char_length = strlen( $encoded_char );
			if ( $length && ( $unicode_length + $encoded_char_length ) > $length ) {
				break;
			}
			$unicode        .= $encoded_char;
			$unicode_length += $encoded_char_length;
		} else {
			if ( 0 === count( $values ) ) {
				if ( $value < 224 ) {
					$num_octets = 2;
				} elseif ( $value < 240 ) {
					$num_octets = 3;
				} else {
					$num_octets = 4;
				}
			}

			$values[] = $value;

			if ( $length && ( $unicode_length + ( $num_octets * 3 ) ) > $length ) {
				break;
			}
			if ( count( $values ) === $num_octets ) {
				for ( $j = 0; $j < $num_octets; $j++ ) {
					$unicode .= '%' . dechex( $values[ $j ] );
				}

				$unicode_length += $num_octets * 3;

				$values     = array();
				$num_octets = 1;
			}
		}
	}

	return $unicode;
}

/**
 * Converts all accent characters to ASCII characters.
 *
 * If there are no accent characters, then the string given is just returned.
 *
 * **Accent characters converted:**
 *
 * Currency signs:
 *
 * |   Code   | Glyph | Replacement |     Description     |
 * | -------- | ----- | ----------- | ------------------- |
 * | U+00A3   | £     | (empty)     | British Pound sign  |
 * | U+20AC   | €     | E           | Euro sign           |
 *
 * Decompositions for Latin-1 Supplement:
 *
 * |  Code   | Glyph | Replacement |               Description              |
 * | ------- | ----- | ----------- | -------------------------------------- |
 * | U+00AA  | ª     | a           | Feminine ordinal indicator             |
 * | U+00BA  | º     | o           | Masculine ordinal indicator            |
 * | U+00C0  | À     | A           | Latin capital letter A with grave      |
 * | U+00C1  | Á     | A           | Latin capital letter A with acute      |
 * | U+00C2  | Â     | A           | Latin capital letter A with circumflex |
 * | U+00C3  | Ã     | A           | Latin capital letter A with tilde      |
 * | U+00C4  | Ä     | A           | Latin capital letter A with diaeresis  |
 * | U+00C5  | Å     | A           | Latin capital letter A with ring above |
 * | U+00C6  | Æ     | AE          | Latin capital letter AE                |
 * | U+00C7  | Ç     | C           | Latin capital letter C with cedilla    |
 * | U+00C8  | È     | E           | Latin capital letter E with grave      |
 * | U+00C9  | É     | E           | Latin capital letter E with acute      |
 * | U+00CA  | Ê     | E           | Latin capital letter E with circumflex |
 * | U+00CB  | Ë     | E           | Latin capital letter E with diaeresis  |
 * | U+00CC  | Ì     | I           | Latin capital letter I with grave      |
 * | U+00CD  | Í     | I           | Latin capital letter I with acute      |
 * | U+00CE  | Î     | I           | Latin capital letter I with circumflex |
 * | U+00CF  | Ï     | I           | Latin capital letter I with diaeresis  |
 * | U+00D0  | Ð     | D           | Latin capital letter Eth               |
 * | U+00D1  | Ñ     | N           | Latin capital letter N with tilde      |
 * | U+00D2  | Ò     | O           | Latin capital letter O with grave      |
 * | U+00D3  | Ó     | O           | Latin capital letter O with acute      |
 * | U+00D4  | Ô     | O           | Latin capital letter O with circumflex |
 * | U+00D5  | Õ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with tilde      |
 * | U+00D6  | Ö     | O           | Latin capital letter O with diaeresis  |
 * | U+00D8  | Ø     | O           | Latin capital letter O with stroke     |
 * | U+00D9  | Ù     | U           | Latin capital letter U with grave      |
 * | U+00DA  | Ú     | U           | Latin capital letter U with acute      |
 * | U+00DB  | Û     | U           | Latin capital letter U with circumflex |
 * | U+00DC  | Ü     | U           | Latin capital letter U with diaeresis  |
 * | U+00DD  | Ý     | Y           | Latin capital letter Y with acute      |
 * | U+00DE  | Þ     | TH          | Latin capital letter Thorn             |
 * | U+00DF  | ß     | s           | Latin small letter sharp s             |
 * | U+00E0  | à     | a           | Latin small letter a with grave        |
 * | U+00E1  | á     | a           | Latin small letter a with acute        |
 * | U+00E2  | â     | a           | Latin small letter a with circumflex   |
 * | U+00E3  | ã     | a           | Latin small letter a with tilde        |
 * | U+00E4  | ä     | a           | Latin small letter a with diaeresis    |
 * | U+00E5  | å     | a           | Latin small letter a with ring above   |
 * | U+00E6  | æ     | ae          | Latin small letter ae                  |
 * | U+00E7  | ç     | c           | Latin small letter c with cedilla      |
 * | U+00E8  | è     | e           | Latin small letter e with grave        |
 * | U+00E9  | é     | e           | Latin small letter e with acute        |
 * | U+00EA  | ê     | e           | Latin small letter e with circumflex   |
 * | U+00EB  | ë     | e           | Latin small letter e with diaeresis    |
 * | U+00EC  | ì     | i           | Latin small letter i with grave        |
 * | U+00ED  | í     | i           | Latin small letter i with acute        |
 * | U+00EE  | î     | i           | Latin small letter i with circumflex   |
 * | U+00EF  | ï     | i           | Latin small letter i with diaeresis    |
 * | U+00F0  | ð     | d           | Latin small letter Eth                 |
 * | U+00F1  | ñ     | n           | Latin small letter n with tilde        |
 * | U+00F2  | ò     | o           | Latin small letter o with grave        |
 * | U+00F3  | ó     | o           | Latin small letter o with acute        |
 * | U+00F4  | ô     | o           | Latin small letter o with circumflex   |
 * | U+00F5  | õ     | o           | Latin small letter o with tilde        |
 * | U+00F6  | ö     | o           | Latin small letter o with diaeresis    |
 * | U+00F8  | ø     | o           | Latin small letter o with stroke       |
 * | U+00F9  | ù     | u           | Latin small letter u with grave        |
 * | U+00FA  | ú     | u           | Latin small letter u with acute        |
 * | U+00FB  | û     | u           | Latin small letter u with circumflex   |
 * | U+00FC  | ü     | u           | Latin small letter u with diaeresis    |
 * | U+00FD  | ý     | y           | Latin small letter y with acute        |
 * | U+00FE  | þ     | th          | Latin small letter Thorn               |
 * | U+00FF  | ÿ     | y           | Latin small letter y with diaeresis    |
 *
 * Decompositions for Latin Extended-A:
 *
 * |  Code   | Glyph | Replacement |                    Description                    |
 * | ------- | ----- | ----------- | ------------------------------------------------- |
 * | U+0100  | Ā     | A           | Latin capital letter A with macron                |
 * | U+0101  | ā     | a           | Latin small letter a with macron                  |
 * | U+0102  | Ă     | A           | Latin capital letter A with breve                 |
 * | U+0103  | ă     | a           | Latin small letter a with breve                   |
 * | U+0104  | Ą     | A           | Latin capital letter A with ogonek                |
 * | U+0105  | ą     | a           | Latin small letter a with ogonek                  |
 * | U+01006 | Ć     | C           | Latin capital letter C with acute                 |
 * | U+0107  | ć     | c           | Latin small letter c with acute                   |
 * | U+0108  | Ĉ     | C           | Latin capital letter C with circumflex            |
 * | U+0109  | ĉ     | c           | Latin small letter c with circumflex              |
 * | U+010A  | Ċ     | C           | Latin capital letter C with dot above             |
 * | U+010B  | ċ     | c           | Latin small letter c with dot above               |
 * | U+010C  | Č     | C           | Latin capital letter C with caron                 |
 * | U+010D  | č     | c           | Latin small letter c with caron                   |
 * | U+010E  | Ď     | D           | Latin capital letter D with caron                 |
 * | U+010F  | ď     | d           | Latin small letter d with caron                   |
 * | U+0110  | Đ     | D           | Latin capital letter D with stroke                |
 * | U+0111  | đ     | d           | Latin small letter d with stroke                  |
 * | U+0112  | Ē     | E           | Latin capital letter E with macron                |
 * | U+0113  | ē     | e           | Latin small letter e with macron                  |
 * | U+0114  | Ĕ     | E           | Latin capital letter E with breve                 |
 * | U+0115  | ĕ     | e           | Latin small letter e with breve                   |
 * | U+0116  | Ė     | E           | Latin capital letter E with dot above             |
 * | U+0117  | ė     | e           | Latin small letter e with dot above               |
 * | U+0118  | Ę     | E           | Latin capital letter E with ogonek                |
 * | U+0119  | ę     | e           | Latin small letter e with ogonek                  |
 * | U+011A  | Ě     | E           | Latin capital letter E with caron                 |
 * | U+011B  | ě     | e           | Latin small letter e with caron                   |
 * | U+011C  | Ĝ     | G           | Latin capital letter G with circumflex            |
 * | U+011D  | ĝ     | g           | Latin small letter g with circumflex              |
 * | U+011E  | Ğ     | G           | Latin capital letter G with breve                 |
 * | U+011F  | ğ     | g           | Latin small letter g with breve                   |
 * | U+0120  | Ġ     | G           | Latin capital letter G with dot above             |
 * | U+0121  | ġ     | g           | Latin small letter g with dot above               |
 * | U+0122  | Ģ     | G           | Latin capital letter G with cedilla               |
 * | U+0123  | ģ     | g           | Latin small letter g with cedilla                 |
 * | U+0124  | Ĥ     | H           | Latin capital letter H with circumflex            |
 * | U+0125  | ĥ     | h           | Latin small letter h with circumflex              |
 * | U+0126  | Ħ     | H           | Latin capital letter H with stroke                |
 * | U+0127  | ħ     | h           | Latin small letter h with stroke                  |
 * | U+0128  | Ĩ     | I           | Latin capital letter I with tilde                 |
 * | U+0129  | ĩ     | i           | Latin small letter i with tilde                   |
 * | U+012A  | Ī     | I           | Latin capital letter I with macron                |
 * | U+012B  | ī     | i           | Latin small letter i with macron                  |
 * | U+012C  | Ĭ     | I           | Latin capital letter I with breve                 |
 * | U+012D  | ĭ     | i           | Latin small letter i with breve                   |
 * | U+012E  | Į     | I           | Latin capital letter I with ogonek                |
 * | U+012F  | į     | i           | Latin small letter i with ogonek                  |
 * | U+0130  | İ     | I           | Latin capital letter I with dot above             |
 * | U+0131  | ı     | i           | Latin small letter dotless i                      |
 * | U+0132  | Ĳ     | IJ          | Latin capital ligature IJ                         |
 * | U+0133  | ĳ     | ij          | Latin small ligature ij                           |
 * | U+0134  | Ĵ     | J           | Latin capital letter J with circumflex            |
 * | U+0135  | ĵ     | j           | Latin small letter j with circumflex              |
 * | U+0136  | Ķ     | K           | Latin capital letter K with cedilla               |
 * | U+0137  | ķ     | k           | Latin small letter k with cedilla                 |
 * | U+0138  | ĸ     | k           | Latin small letter Kra                            |
 * | U+0139  | Ĺ     | L           | Latin capital letter L with acute                 |
 * | U+013A  | ĺ     | l           | Latin small letter l with acute                   |
 * | U+013B  | Ļ     | L           | Latin capital letter L with cedilla               |
 * | U+013C  | ļ     | l           | Latin small letter l with cedilla                 |
 * | U+013D  | Ľ     | L           | Latin capital letter L with caron                 |
 * | U+013E  | ľ     | l           | Latin small letter l with caron                   |
 * | U+013F  | Ŀ     | L           | Latin capital letter L with middle dot            |
 * | U+0140  | ŀ     | l           | Latin small letter l with middle dot              |
 * | U+0141  | Ł     | L           | Latin capital letter L with stroke                |
 * | U+0142  | ł     | l           | Latin small letter l with stroke                  |
 * | U+0143  | Ń     | N           | Latin capital letter N with acute                 |
 * | U+0144  | ń     | n           | Latin small letter N with acute                   |
 * | U+0145  | Ņ     | N           | Latin capital letter N with cedilla               |
 * | U+0146  | ņ     | n           | Latin small letter n with cedilla                 |
 * | U+0147  | Ň     | N           | Latin capital letter N with caron                 |
 * | U+0148  | ň     | n           | Latin small letter n with caron                   |
 * | U+0149  | ŉ     | n           | Latin small letter n preceded by apostrophe       |
 * | U+014A  | Ŋ     | N           | Latin capital letter Eng                          |
 * | U+014B  | ŋ     | n           | Latin small letter Eng                            |
 * | U+014C  | Ō     | O           | Latin capital letter O with macron                |
 * | U+014D  | ō     | o           | Latin small letter o with macron                  |
 * | U+014E  | Ŏ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with breve                 |
 * | U+014F  | ŏ     | o           | Latin small letter o with breve                   |
 * | U+0150  | Ő     | O           | Latin capital letter O with double acute          |
 * | U+0151  | ő     | o           | Latin small letter o with double acute            |
 * | U+0152  | Œ     | OE          | Latin capital ligature OE                         |
 * | U+0153  | œ     | oe          | Latin small ligature oe                           |
 * | U+0154  | Ŕ     | R           | Latin capital letter R with acute                 |
 * | U+0155  | ŕ     | r           | Latin small letter r with acute                   |
 * | U+0156  | Ŗ     | R           | Latin capital letter R with cedilla               |
 * | U+0157  | ŗ     | r           | Latin small letter r with cedilla                 |
 * | U+0158  | Ř     | R           | Latin capital letter R with caron                 |
 * | U+0159  | ř     | r           | Latin small letter r with caron                   |
 * | U+015A  | Ś     | S           | Latin capital letter S with acute                 |
 * | U+015B  | ś     | s           | Latin small letter s with acute                   |
 * | U+015C  | Ŝ     | S           | Latin capital letter S with circumflex            |
 * | U+015D  | ŝ     | s           | Latin small letter s with circumflex              |
 * | U+015E  | Ş     | S           | Latin capital letter S with cedilla               |
 * | U+015F  | ş     | s           | Latin small letter s with cedilla                 |
 * | U+0160  | Š     | S           | Latin capital letter S with caron                 |
 * | U+0161  | š     | s           | Latin small letter s with caron                   |
 * | U+0162  | Ţ     | T           | Latin capital letter T with cedilla               |
 * | U+0163  | ţ     | t           | Latin small letter t with cedilla                 |
 * | U+0164  | Ť     | T           | Latin capital letter T with caron                 |
 * | U+0165  | ť     | t           | Latin small letter t with caron                   |
 * | U+0166  | Ŧ     | T           | Latin capital letter T with stroke                |
 * | U+0167  | ŧ     | t           | Latin small letter t with stroke                  |
 * | U+0168  | Ũ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with tilde                 |
 * | U+0169  | ũ     | u           | Latin small letter u with tilde                   |
 * | U+016A  | Ū     | U           | Latin capital letter U with macron                |
 * | U+016B  | ū     | u           | Latin small letter u with macron                  |
 * | U+016C  | Ŭ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with breve                 |
 * | U+016D  | ŭ     | u           | Latin small letter u with breve                   |
 * | U+016E  | Ů     | U           | Latin capital letter U with ring above            |
 * | U+016F  | ů     | u           | Latin small letter u with ring above              |
 * | U+0170  | Ű     | U           | Latin capital letter U with double acute          |
 * | U+0171  | ű     | u           | Latin small letter u with double acute            |
 * | U+0172  | Ų     | U           | Latin capital letter U with ogonek                |
 * | U+0173  | ų     | u           | Latin small letter u with ogonek                  |
 * | U+0174  | Ŵ     | W           | Latin capital letter W with circumflex            |
 * | U+0175  | ŵ     | w           | Latin small letter w with circumflex              |
 * | U+0176  | Ŷ     | Y           | Latin capital letter Y with circumflex            |
 * | U+0177  | ŷ     | y           | Latin small letter y with circumflex              |
 * | U+0178  | Ÿ     | Y           | Latin capital letter Y with diaeresis             |
 * | U+0179  | Ź     | Z           | Latin capital letter Z with acute                 |
 * | U+017A  | ź     | z           | Latin small letter z with acute                   |
 * | U+017B  | Ż     | Z           | Latin capital letter Z with dot above             |
 * | U+017C  | ż     | z           | Latin small letter z with dot above               |
 * | U+017D  | Ž     | Z           | Latin capital letter Z with caron                 |
 * | U+017E  | ž     | z           | Latin small letter z with caron                   |
 * | U+017F  | ſ     | s           | Latin small letter long s                         |
 * | U+01A0  | Ơ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with horn                  |
 * | U+01A1  | ơ     | o           | Latin small letter o with horn                    |
 * | U+01AF  | Ư     | U           | Latin capital letter U with horn                  |
 * | U+01B0  | ư     | u           | Latin small letter u with horn                    |
 * | U+01CD  | Ǎ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with caron                 |
 * | U+01CE  | ǎ     | a           | Latin small letter a with caron                   |
 * | U+01CF  | Ǐ     | I           | Latin capital letter I with caron                 |
 * | U+01D0  | ǐ     | i           | Latin small letter i with caron                   |
 * | U+01D1  | Ǒ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with caron                 |
 * | U+01D2  | ǒ     | o           | Latin small letter o with caron                   |
 * | U+01D3  | Ǔ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with caron                 |
 * | U+01D4  | ǔ     | u           | Latin small letter u with caron                   |
 * | U+01D5  | Ǖ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with diaeresis and macron  |
 * | U+01D6  | ǖ     | u           | Latin small letter u with diaeresis and macron    |
 * | U+01D7  | Ǘ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with diaeresis and acute   |
 * | U+01D8  | ǘ     | u           | Latin small letter u with diaeresis and acute     |
 * | U+01D9  | Ǚ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with diaeresis and caron   |
 * | U+01DA  | ǚ     | u           | Latin small letter u with diaeresis and caron     |
 * | U+01DB  | Ǜ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with diaeresis and grave   |
 * | U+01DC  | ǜ     | u           | Latin small letter u with diaeresis and grave     |
 *
 * Decompositions for Latin Extended-B:
 *
 * |   Code   | Glyph | Replacement |                Description                |
 * | -------- | ----- | ----------- | ----------------------------------------- |
 * | U+018F   | Ə     | E           | Latin capital letter Ə                    |
 * | U+0259   | ǝ     | e           | Latin small letter ǝ                      |
 * | U+0218   | Ș     | S           | Latin capital letter S with comma below   |
 * | U+0219   | ș     | s           | Latin small letter s with comma below     |
 * | U+021A   | Ț     | T           | Latin capital letter T with comma below   |
 * | U+021B   | ț     | t           | Latin small letter t with comma below     |
 *
 * Vowels with diacritic (Chinese, Hanyu Pinyin):
 *
 * |   Code   | Glyph | Replacement |                      Description                      |
 * | -------- | ----- | ----------- | ----------------------------------------------------- |
 * | U+0251   | ɑ     | a           | Latin small letter alpha                              |
 * | U+1EA0   | Ạ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with dot below                 |
 * | U+1EA1   | ạ     | a           | Latin small letter a with dot below                   |
 * | U+1EA2   | Ả     | A           | Latin capital letter A with hook above                |
 * | U+1EA3   | ả     | a           | Latin small letter a with hook above                  |
 * | U+1EA4   | Ấ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with circumflex and acute      |
 * | U+1EA5   | ấ     | a           | Latin small letter a with circumflex and acute        |
 * | U+1EA6   | Ầ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with circumflex and grave      |
 * | U+1EA7   | ầ     | a           | Latin small letter a with circumflex and grave        |
 * | U+1EA8   | Ẩ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with circumflex and hook above |
 * | U+1EA9   | ẩ     | a           | Latin small letter a with circumflex and hook above   |
 * | U+1EAA   | Ẫ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with circumflex and tilde      |
 * | U+1EAB   | ẫ     | a           | Latin small letter a with circumflex and tilde        |
 * | U+1EA6   | Ậ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with circumflex and dot below  |
 * | U+1EAD   | ậ     | a           | Latin small letter a with circumflex and dot below    |
 * | U+1EAE   | Ắ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with breve and acute           |
 * | U+1EAF   | ắ     | a           | Latin small letter a with breve and acute             |
 * | U+1EB0   | Ằ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with breve and grave           |
 * | U+1EB1   | ằ     | a           | Latin small letter a with breve and grave             |
 * | U+1EB2   | Ẳ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with breve and hook above      |
 * | U+1EB3   | ẳ     | a           | Latin small letter a with breve and hook above        |
 * | U+1EB4   | Ẵ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with breve and tilde           |
 * | U+1EB5   | ẵ     | a           | Latin small letter a with breve and tilde             |
 * | U+1EB6   | Ặ     | A           | Latin capital letter A with breve and dot below       |
 * | U+1EB7   | ặ     | a           | Latin small letter a with breve and dot below         |
 * | U+1EB8   | Ẹ     | E           | Latin capital letter E with dot below                 |
 * | U+1EB9   | ẹ     | e           | Latin small letter e with dot below                   |
 * | U+1EBA   | Ẻ     | E           | Latin capital letter E with hook above                |
 * | U+1EBB   | ẻ     | e           | Latin small letter e with hook above                  |
 * | U+1EBC   | Ẽ     | E           | Latin capital letter E with tilde                     |
 * | U+1EBD   | ẽ     | e           | Latin small letter e with tilde                       |
 * | U+1EBE   | Ế     | E           | Latin capital letter E with circumflex and acute      |
 * | U+1EBF   | ế     | e           | Latin small letter e with circumflex and acute        |
 * | U+1EC0   | Ề     | E           | Latin capital letter E with circumflex and grave      |
 * | U+1EC1   | ề     | e           | Latin small letter e with circumflex and grave        |
 * | U+1EC2   | Ể     | E           | Latin capital letter E with circumflex and hook above |
 * | U+1EC3   | ể     | e           | Latin small letter e with circumflex and hook above   |
 * | U+1EC4   | Ễ     | E           | Latin capital letter E with circumflex and tilde      |
 * | U+1EC5   | ễ     | e           | Latin small letter e with circumflex and tilde        |
 * | U+1EC6   | Ệ     | E           | Latin capital letter E with circumflex and dot below  |
 * | U+1EC7   | ệ     | e           | Latin small letter e with circumflex and dot below    |
 * | U+1EC8   | Ỉ     | I           | Latin capital letter I with hook above                |
 * | U+1EC9   | ỉ     | i           | Latin small letter i with hook above                  |
 * | U+1ECA   | Ị     | I           | Latin capital letter I with dot below                 |
 * | U+1ECB   | ị     | i           | Latin small letter i with dot below                   |
 * | U+1ECC   | Ọ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with dot below                 |
 * | U+1ECD   | ọ     | o           | Latin small letter o with dot below                   |
 * | U+1ECE   | Ỏ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with hook above                |
 * | U+1ECF   | ỏ     | o           | Latin small letter o with hook above                  |
 * | U+1ED0   | Ố     | O           | Latin capital letter O with circumflex and acute      |
 * | U+1ED1   | ố     | o           | Latin small letter o with circumflex and acute        |
 * | U+1ED2   | Ồ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with circumflex and grave      |
 * | U+1ED3   | ồ     | o           | Latin small letter o with circumflex and grave        |
 * | U+1ED4   | Ổ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with circumflex and hook above |
 * | U+1ED5   | ổ     | o           | Latin small letter o with circumflex and hook above   |
 * | U+1ED6   | Ỗ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with circumflex and tilde      |
 * | U+1ED7   | ỗ     | o           | Latin small letter o with circumflex and tilde        |
 * | U+1ED8   | Ộ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with circumflex and dot below  |
 * | U+1ED9   | ộ     | o           | Latin small letter o with circumflex and dot below    |
 * | U+1EDA   | Ớ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with horn and acute            |
 * | U+1EDB   | ớ     | o           | Latin small letter o with horn and acute              |
 * | U+1EDC   | Ờ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with horn and grave            |
 * | U+1EDD   | ờ     | o           | Latin small letter o with horn and grave              |
 * | U+1EDE   | Ở     | O           | Latin capital letter O with horn and hook above       |
 * | U+1EDF   | ở     | o           | Latin small letter o with horn and hook above         |
 * | U+1EE0   | Ỡ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with horn and tilde            |
 * | U+1EE1   | ỡ     | o           | Latin small letter o with horn and tilde              |
 * | U+1EE2   | Ợ     | O           | Latin capital letter O with horn and dot below        |
 * | U+1EE3   | ợ     | o           | Latin small letter o with horn and dot below          |
 * | U+1EE4   | Ụ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with dot below                 |
 * | U+1EE5   | ụ     | u           | Latin small letter u with dot below                   |
 * | U+1EE6   | Ủ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with hook above                |
 * | U+1EE7   | ủ     | u           | Latin small letter u with hook above                  |
 * | U+1EE8   | Ứ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with horn and acute            |
 * | U+1EE9   | ứ     | u           | Latin small letter u with horn and acute              |
 * | U+1EEA   | Ừ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with horn and grave            |
 * | U+1EEB   | ừ     | u           | Latin small letter u with horn and grave              |
 * | U+1EEC   | Ử     | U           | Latin capital letter U with horn and hook above       |
 * | U+1EED   | ử     | u           | Latin small letter u with horn and hook above         |
 * | U+1EEE   | Ữ     | U           | Latin capital letter U with horn and tilde            |
 * | U+1EEF   | ữ     | u           | Latin small letter u with horn and tilde              |
 * | U+1EF0   | Ự     | U           | Latin capital letter U with horn and dot below        |
 * | U+1EF1   | ự     | u           | Latin small letter u with horn and dot below          |
 * | U+1EF2   | Ỳ     | Y           | Latin capital letter Y with grave                     |
 * | U+1EF3   | ỳ     | y           | Latin small letter y with grave                       |
 * | U+1EF4   | Ỵ     | Y           | Latin capital letter Y with dot below                 |
 * | U+1EF5   | ỵ     | y           | Latin small letter y with dot below                   |
 * | U+1EF6   | Ỷ     | Y           | Latin capital letter Y with hook above                |
 * | U+1EF7   | ỷ     | y           | Latin small letter y with hook above                  |
 * | U+1EF8   | Ỹ     | Y           | Latin capital letter Y with tilde                     |
 * | U+1EF9   | ỹ     | y           | Latin small letter y with tilde                       |
 *
 * German (`de_DE`), German formal (`de_DE_formal`), German (Switzerland) formal (`de_CH`),
 * German (Switzerland) informal (`de_CH_informal`), and German (Austria) (`de_AT`) locales:
 *
 * |   Code   | Glyph | Replacement |               Description               |
 * | -------- | ----- | ----------- | --------------------------------------- |
 * | U+00C4   | Ä     | Ae          | Latin capital letter A with diaeresis   |
 * | U+00E4   | ä     | ae          | Latin small letter a with diaeresis     |
 * | U+00D6   | Ö     | Oe          | Latin capital letter O with diaeresis   |
 * | U+00F6   | ö     | oe          | Latin small letter o with diaeresis     |
 * | U+00DC   | Ü     | Ue          | Latin capital letter U with diaeresis   |
 * | U+00FC   | ü     | ue          | Latin small letter u with diaeresis     |
 * | U+1E9E   | ẞ     | SS          | Latin capital letter sharp s            |
 * | U+00DF   | ß     | ss          | Latin small letter sharp s              |
 *
 * Danish (`da_DK`) locale:
 *
 * |   Code   | Glyph | Replacement |               Description               |
 * | -------- | ----- | ----------- | --------------------------------------- |
 * | U+00C6   | Æ     | Ae          | Latin capital letter AE                 |
 * | U+00E6   | æ     | ae          | Latin small letter ae                   |
 * | U+00D8   | Ø     | Oe          | Latin capital letter O with stroke      |
 * | U+00F8   | ø     | oe          | Latin small letter o with stroke        |
 * | U+00C5   | Å     | Aa          | Latin capital letter A with ring above  |
 * | U+00E5   | å     | aa          | Latin small letter a with ring above    |
 *
 * Catalan (`ca`) locale:
 *
 * |   Code   | Glyph | Replacement |               Description               |
 * | -------- | ----- | ----------- | --------------------------------------- |
 * | U+00B7   | l·l   | ll          | Flown dot (between two Ls)              |
 *
 * Serbian (`sr_RS`) and Bosnian (`bs_BA`) locales:
 *
 * |   Code   | Glyph | Replacement |               Description               |
 * | -------- | ----- | ----------- | --------------------------------------- |
 * | U+0110   | Đ     | DJ          | Latin capital letter D with stroke      |
 * | U+0111   | đ     | dj          | Latin small letter d with stroke        |
 *
 * @since 1.2.1
 * @since 4.6.0 Added locale support for `de_CH`, `de_CH_informal`, and `ca`.
 * @since 4.7.0 Added locale support for `sr_RS`.
 * @since 4.8.0 Added locale support for `bs_BA`.
 * @since 5.7.0 Added locale support for `de_AT`.
 * @since 6.0.0 Added the `$locale` parameter.
 * @since 6.1.0 Added Unicode NFC encoding normalization support.
 * @since 7.0.0 Added capital Eszett (U+1E9E) support for German locales.
 *
 * @param string $text   Text that might have accent characters.
 * @param string $locale Optional. The locale to use for accent removal. Some character
 *                       replacements depend on the locale being used (e.g. 'de_DE').
 *                       Defaults to the current locale.
 * @return string Filtered string with replaced "nice" characters.
 */
function remove_accents( $text, $locale = '' ) {
	if ( ! preg_match( '/[\x80-\xff]/', $text ) ) {
		return $text;
	}

	if ( wp_is_valid_utf8( $text ) ) {

		/*
		 * Unicode sequence normalization from NFD (Normalization Form Decomposed)
		 * to NFC (Normalization Form [Pre]Composed), the encoding used in this function.
		 */
		if ( function_exists( 'normalizer_is_normalized' )
			&& function_exists( 'normalizer_normalize' )
		) {
			if ( ! normalizer_is_normalized( $text ) ) {
				$text = normalizer_normalize( $text );
			}
		}

		$chars = array(
			// Decompositions for Latin-1 Supplement.
			'ª' => 'a',
			'º' => 'o',
			'À' => 'A',
			'Á' => 'A',
			'Â' => 'A',
			'Ã' => 'A',
			'Ä' => 'A',
			'Å' => 'A',
			'Æ' => 'AE',
			'Ç' => 'C',
			'È' => 'E',
			'É' => 'E',
			'Ê' => 'E',
			'Ë' => 'E',
			'Ì' => 'I',
			'Í' => 'I',
			'Î' => 'I',
			'Ï' => 'I',
			'Ð' => 'D',
			'Ñ' => 'N',
			'Ò' => 'O',
			'Ó' => 'O',
			'Ô' => 'O',
			'Õ' => 'O',
			'Ö' => 'O',
			'Ù' => 'U',
			'Ú' => 'U',
			'Û' => 'U',
			'Ü' => 'U',
			'Ý' => 'Y',
			'Þ' => 'TH',
			'ß' => 's',
			'à' => 'a',
			'á' => 'a',
			'â' => 'a',
			'ã' => 'a',
			'ä' => 'a',
			'å' => 'a',
			'æ' => 'ae',
			'ç' => 'c',
			'è' => 'e',
			'é' => 'e',
			'ê' => 'e',
			'ë' => 'e',
			'ì' => 'i',
			'í' => 'i',
			'î' => 'i',
			'ï' => 'i',
			'ð' => 'd',
			'ñ' => 'n',
			'ò' => 'o',
			'ó' => 'o',
			'ô' => 'o',
			'õ' => 'o',
			'ö' => 'o',
			'ø' => 'o',
			'ù' => 'u',
			'ú' => 'u',
			'û' => 'u',
			'ü' => 'u',
			'ý' => 'y',
			'þ' => 'th',
			'ÿ' => 'y',
			'Ø' => 'O',
			// Decompositions for Latin Extended-A.
			'Ā' => 'A',
			'ā' => 'a',
			'Ă' => 'A',
			'ă' => 'a',
			'Ą' => 'A',
			'ą' => 'a',
			'Ć' => 'C',
			'ć' => 'c',
			'Ĉ' => 'C',
			'ĉ' => 'c',
			'Ċ' => 'C',
			'ċ' => 'c',
			'Č' => 'C',
			'č' => 'c',
			'Ď' => 'D',
			'ď' => 'd',
			'Đ' => 'D',
			'đ' => 'd',
			'Ē' => 'E',
			'ē' => 'e',
			'Ĕ' => 'E',
			'ĕ' => 'e',
			'Ė' => 'E',
			'ė' => 'e',
			'Ę' => 'E',
			'ę' => 'e',
			'Ě' => 'E',
			'ě' => 'e',
			'Ĝ' => 'G',
			'ĝ' => 'g',
			'Ğ' => 'G',
			'ğ' => 'g',
			'Ġ' => 'G',
			'ġ' => 'g',
			'Ģ' => 'G',
			'ģ' => 'g',
			'Ĥ' => 'H',
			'ĥ' => 'h',
			'Ħ' => 'H',
			'ħ' => 'h',
			'Ĩ' => 'I',
			'ĩ' => 'i',
			'Ī' => 'I',
			'ī' => 'i',
			'Ĭ' => 'I',
			'ĭ' => 'i',
			'Į' => 'I',
			'į' => 'i',
			'İ' => 'I',
			'ı' => 'i',
			'Ĳ' => 'IJ',
			'ĳ' => 'ij',
			'Ĵ' => 'J',
			'ĵ' => 'j',
			'Ķ' => 'K',
			'ķ' => 'k',
			'ĸ' => 'k',
			'Ĺ' => 'L',
			'ĺ' => 'l',
			'Ļ' => 'L',
			'ļ' => 'l',
			'Ľ' => 'L',
			'ľ' => 'l',
			'Ŀ' => 'L',
			'ŀ' => 'l',
			'Ł' => 'L',
			'ł' => 'l',
			'Ń' => 'N',
			'ń' => 'n',
			'Ņ' => 'N',
			'ņ' => 'n',
			'Ň' => 'N',
			'ň' => 'n',
			'ŉ' => 'n',
			'Ŋ' => 'N',
			'ŋ' => 'n',
			'Ō' => 'O',
			'ō' => 'o',
			'Ŏ' => 'O',
			'ŏ' => 'o',
			'Ő' => 'O',
			'ő' => 'o',
			'Œ' => 'OE',
			'œ' => 'oe',
			'Ŕ' => 'R',
			'ŕ' => 'r',
			'Ŗ' => 'R',
			'ŗ' => 'r',
			'Ř' => 'R',
			'ř' => 'r',
			'Ś' => 'S',
			'ś' => 's',
			'Ŝ' => 'S',
			'ŝ' => 's',
			'Ş' => 'S',
			'ş' => 's',
			'Š' => 'S',
			'š' => 's',
			'Ţ' => 'T',
			'ţ' => 't',
			'Ť' => 'T',
			'ť' => 't',
			'Ŧ' => 'T',
			'ŧ' => 't',
			'Ũ' => 'U',
			'ũ' => 'u',
			'Ū' => 'U',
			'ū' => 'u',
			'Ŭ' => 'U',
			'ŭ' => 'u',
			'Ů' => 'U',
			'ů' => 'u',
			'Ű' => 'U',
			'ű' => 'u',
			'Ų' => 'U',
			'ų' => 'u',
			'Ŵ' => 'W',
			'ŵ' => 'w',
			'Ŷ' => 'Y',
			'ŷ' => 'y',
			'Ÿ' => 'Y',
			'Ź' => 'Z',
			'ź' => 'z',
			'Ż' => 'Z',
			'ż' => 'z',
			'Ž' => 'Z',
			'ž' => 'z',
			'ſ' => 's',
			// Decompositions for Latin Extended-B.
			'Ə' => 'E',
			'ǝ' => 'e',
			'Ș' => 'S',
			'ș' => 's',
			'Ț' => 'T',
			'ț' => 't',
			// Euro sign.
			'€' => 'E',
			// GBP (Pound) sign.
			'£' => '',
			// Vowels with diacritic (Vietnamese). Unmarked.
			'Ơ' => 'O',
			'ơ' => 'o',
			'Ư' => 'U',
			'ư' => 'u',
			// Grave accent.
			'Ầ' => 'A',
			'ầ' => 'a',
			'Ằ' => 'A',
			'ằ' => 'a',
			'Ề' => 'E',
			'ề' => 'e',
			'Ồ' => 'O',
			'ồ' => 'o',
			'Ờ' => 'O',
			'ờ' => 'o',
			'Ừ' => 'U',
			'ừ' => 'u',
			'Ỳ' => 'Y',
			'ỳ' => 'y',
			// Hook.
			'Ả' => 'A',
			'ả' => 'a',
			'Ẩ' => 'A',
			'ẩ' => 'a',
			'Ẳ' => 'A',
			'ẳ' => 'a',
			'Ẻ' => 'E',
			'ẻ' => 'e',
			'Ể' => 'E',
			'ể' => 'e',
			'Ỉ' => 'I',
			'ỉ' => 'i',
			'Ỏ' => 'O',
			'ỏ' => 'o',
			'Ổ' => 'O',
			'ổ' => 'o',
			'Ở' => 'O',
			'ở' => 'o',
			'Ủ' => 'U',
			'ủ' => 'u',
			'Ử' => 'U',
			'ử' => 'u',
			'Ỷ' => 'Y',
			'ỷ' => 'y',
			// Tilde.
			'Ẫ' => 'A',
			'ẫ' => 'a',
			'Ẵ' => 'A',
			'ẵ' => 'a',
			'Ẽ' => 'E',
			'ẽ' => 'e',
			'Ễ' => 'E',
			'ễ' => 'e',
			'Ỗ' => 'O',
			'ỗ' => 'o',
			'Ỡ' => 'O',
			'ỡ' => 'o',
			'Ữ' => 'U',
			'ữ' => 'u',
			'Ỹ' => 'Y',
			'ỹ' => 'y',
			// Acute accent.
			'Ấ' => 'A',
			'ấ' => 'a',
			'Ắ' => 'A',
			'ắ' => 'a',
			'Ế' => 'E',
			'ế' => 'e',
			'Ố' => 'O',
			'ố' => 'o',
			'Ớ' => 'O',
			'ớ' => 'o',
			'Ứ' => 'U',
			'ứ' => 'u',
			// Dot below.
			'Ạ' => 'A',
			'ạ' => 'a',
			'Ậ' => 'A',
			'ậ' => 'a',
			'Ặ' => 'A',
			'ặ' => 'a',
			'Ẹ' => 'E',
			'ẹ' => 'e',
			'Ệ' => 'E',
			'ệ' => 'e',
			'Ị' => 'I',
			'ị' => 'i',
			'Ọ' => 'O',
			'ọ' => 'o',
			'Ộ' => 'O',
			'ộ' => 'o',
			'Ợ' => 'O',
			'ợ' => 'o',
			'Ụ' => 'U',
			'ụ' => 'u',
			'Ự' => 'U',
			'ự' => 'u',
			'Ỵ' => 'Y',
			'ỵ' => 'y',
			// Vowels with diacritic (Chinese, Hanyu Pinyin).
			'ɑ' => 'a',
			// Macron.
			'Ǖ' => 'U',
			'ǖ' => 'u',
			// Acute accent.
			'Ǘ' => 'U',
			'ǘ' => 'u',
			// Caron.
			'Ǎ' => 'A',
			'ǎ' => 'a',
			'Ǐ' => 'I',
			'ǐ' => 'i',
			'Ǒ' => 'O',
			'ǒ' => 'o',
			'Ǔ' => 'U',
			'ǔ' => 'u',
			'Ǚ' => 'U',
			'ǚ' => 'u',
			// Grave accent.
			'Ǜ' => 'U',
			'ǜ' => 'u',
		);

		// Used for locale-specific rules.
		if ( empty( $locale ) ) {
			$locale = get_locale();
		}

		/*
		 * German has various locales (de_DE, de_CH, de_AT, ...) with formal and informal variants.
		 * There is no 3-letter locale like 'def', so checking for 'de' instead of 'de_' is safe,
		 * since 'de' itself would be a valid locale too.
		 */
		if ( str_starts_with( $locale, 'de' ) ) {
			$chars['Ä'] = 'Ae';
			$chars['ä'] = 'ae';
			$chars['Ö'] = 'Oe';
			$chars['ö'] = 'oe';
			$chars['Ü'] = 'Ue';
			$chars['ü'] = 'ue';
			$chars['ẞ'] = 'SS';
			$chars['ß'] = 'ss';
		} elseif ( 'da_DK' === $locale ) {
			$chars['Æ'] = 'Ae';
			$chars['æ'] = 'ae';
			$chars['Ø'] = 'Oe';
			$chars['ø'] = 'oe';
			$chars['Å'] = 'Aa';
			$chars['å'] = 'aa';
		} elseif ( 'ca' === $locale ) {
			$chars['l·l'] = 'll';
		} elseif ( 'sr_RS' === $locale || 'bs_BA' === $locale ) {
			$chars['Đ'] = 'DJ';
			$chars['đ'] = 'dj';
		}

		$text = strtr( $text, $chars );
	} else {
		$chars = array();
		// Assume ISO-8859-1 if not UTF-8.
		$chars['in'] = "\x80\x83\x8a\x8e\x9a\x9e"
			. "\x9f\xa2\xa5\xb5\xc0\xc1\xc2"
			. "\xc3\xc4\xc5\xc7\xc8\xc9\xca"
			. "\xcb\xcc\xcd\xce\xcf\xd1\xd2"
			. "\xd3\xd4\xd5\xd6\xd8\xd9\xda"
			. "\xdb\xdc\xdd\xe0\xe1\xe2\xe3"
			. "\xe4\xe5\xe7\xe8\xe9\xea\xeb"
			. "\xec\xed\xee\xef\xf1\xf2\xf3"
			. "\xf4\xf5\xf6\xf8\xf9\xfa\xfb"
			. "\xfc\xfd\xff";

		$chars['out'] = 'EfSZszYcYuAAAAAACEEEEIIIINOOOOOOUUUUYaaaaaaceeeeiiiinoooooouuuuyy';

		$text                = strtr( $text, $chars['in'], $chars['out'] );
		$double_chars        = array();
		$double_chars['in']  = array( "\x8c", "\x9c", "\xc6", "\xd0", "\xde", "\xdf", "\xe6", "\xf0", "\xfe" );
		$double_chars['out'] = array( 'OE', 'oe', 'AE', 'DH', 'TH', 'ss', 'ae', 'dh', 'th' );
		$text                = str_replace( $double_chars['in'], $double_chars['out'], $text );
	}

	return $text;
}

/**
 * Sanitizes a filename, replacing whitespace with dashes.
 *
 * Removes special characters that are illegal in filenames on certain
 * operating systems and special characters requiring special escaping
 * to manipulate at the command line. Replaces spaces and consecutive
 * dashes with a single dash. Trims period, dash and underscore from beginning
 * and end of filename. It is not guaranteed that this function will return a
 * filename that is allowed to be uploaded.
 *
 * @since 2.1.0
 *
 * @param string $filename The filename to be sanitized.
 * @return string The sanitized filename.
 */
function sanitize_file_name( $filename ) {
	$filename_raw = $filename;
	$filename     = remove_accents( $filename );

	$special_chars = array( '?', '[', ']', '/', '\\', '=', '<', '>', ':', ';', ',', "'", '"', '&', '$', '#', '*', '(', ')', '|', '~', '`', '!', '{', '}', '%', '+', '’', '«', '»', '”', '“', chr( 0 ) );

	if ( ! wp_is_valid_utf8( $filename ) ) {
		$_ext     = pathinfo( $filename, PATHINFO_EXTENSION );
		$_name    = pathinfo( $filename, PATHINFO_FILENAME );
		$filename = sanitize_title_with_dashes( $_name ) . '.' . $_ext;
	}

	if ( _wp_can_use_pcre_u() ) {
		/**
		 * Replace all whitespace characters with a basic space (U+0020).
		 *
		 * The “Zs” in the pattern selects characters in the `Space_Separator`
		 * category, which is what Unicode considers space characters.
		 *
		 * @see https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/#General_Category_Values
		 * @see https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode16.0.0/core-spec/chapter-6/#G17548
		 * @see https://www.php.net/manual/en/regexp.reference.unicode.php
		 */
		$filename = preg_replace( '#\p{Zs}#siu', ' ', $filename );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the list of characters to remove from a filename.
	 *
	 * @since 2.8.0
	 *
	 * @param string[] $special_chars Array of characters to remove.
	 * @param string   $filename_raw  The original filename to be sanitized.
	 */
	$special_chars = apply_filters( 'sanitize_file_name_chars', $special_chars, $filename_raw );

	$filename = str_replace( $special_chars, '', $filename );
	$filename = str_replace( array( '%20', '+' ), '-', $filename );
	$filename = preg_replace( '/\.{2,}/', '.', $filename );
	$filename = preg_replace( '/[\r\n\t -]+/', '-', $filename );
	$filename = trim( $filename, '.-_' );

	if ( ! str_contains( $filename, '.' ) ) {
		$mime_types = wp_get_mime_types();
		$filetype   = wp_check_filetype( 'test.' . $filename, $mime_types );
		if ( $filetype['ext'] === $filename ) {
			$filename = 'unnamed-file.' . $filetype['ext'];
		}
	}

	// Split the filename into a base and extension[s].
	$parts = explode( '.', $filename );

	// Return if only one extension.
	if ( count( $parts ) <= 2 ) {
		/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/formatting.php */
		return apply_filters( 'sanitize_file_name', $filename, $filename_raw );
	}

	// Process multiple extensions.
	$filename  = array_shift( $parts );
	$extension = array_pop( $parts );
	$mimes     = get_allowed_mime_types();

	/*
	 * Loop over any intermediate extensions. Postfix them with a trailing underscore
	 * if they are a 2 - 5 character long alpha string not in the allowed extension list.
	 */
	foreach ( (array) $parts as $part ) {
		$filename .= '.' . $part;

		if ( preg_match( '/^[a-zA-Z]{2,5}\d?$/', $part ) ) {
			$allowed = false;
			foreach ( $mimes as $ext_preg => $mime_match ) {
				$ext_preg = '!^(' . $ext_preg . ')$!i';
				if ( preg_match( $ext_preg, $part ) ) {
					$allowed = true;
					break;
				}
			}
			if ( ! $allowed ) {
				$filename .= '_';
			}
		}
	}

	$filename .= '.' . $extension;

	/**
	 * Filters a sanitized filename string.
	 *
	 * @since 2.8.0
	 *
	 * @param string $filename     Sanitized filename.
	 * @param string $filename_raw The filename prior to sanitization.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'sanitize_file_name', $filename, $filename_raw );
}

/**
 * Sanitizes a username, stripping out unsafe characters.
 *
 * Removes tags, percent-encoded characters, HTML entities, and if strict is enabled,
 * will only keep alphanumeric, _, space, ., -, @. After sanitizing, it passes the username,
 * raw username (the username in the parameter), and the value of $strict as parameters
 * for the {@see 'sanitize_user'} filter.
 *
 * @since 2.0.0
 *
 * @param string $username The username to be sanitized.
 * @param bool   $strict   Optional. If set to true, limits $username to specific characters.
 *                         Default false.
 * @return string The sanitized username, after passing through filters.
 */
function sanitize_user( $username, $strict = false ) {
	$raw_username = $username;
	$username     = wp_strip_all_tags( $username );
	$username     = remove_accents( $username );
	// Remove percent-encoded characters.
	$username = preg_replace( '|%([a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])|', '', $username );
	// Remove HTML entities.
	$username = preg_replace( '/&.+?;/', '', $username );

	// If strict, reduce to ASCII for max portability.
	if ( $strict ) {
		$username = preg_replace( '|[^a-z0-9 _.\-@]|i', '', $username );
	}

	$username = trim( $username );
	// Consolidate contiguous whitespace.
	$username = preg_replace( '|\s+|', ' ', $username );

	/**
	 * Filters a sanitized username string.
	 *
	 * @since 2.0.1
	 *
	 * @param string $username     Sanitized username.
	 * @param string $raw_username The username prior to sanitization.
	 * @param bool   $strict       Whether to limit the sanitization to specific characters.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'sanitize_user', $username, $raw_username, $strict );
}

/**
 * Sanitizes a string key.
 *
 * Keys are used as internal identifiers. Lowercase alphanumeric characters,
 * dashes, and underscores are allowed.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 *
 * @param string $key String key.
 * @return string Sanitized key.
 * @phpstan-return lowercase-string
 */
function sanitize_key( $key ) {
	$sanitized_key = '';

	if ( is_scalar( $key ) ) {
		$sanitized_key = strtolower( $key );
		$sanitized_key = preg_replace( '/[^a-z0-9_\-]/', '', $sanitized_key );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters a sanitized key string.
	 *
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 *
	 * @param string $sanitized_key Sanitized key.
	 * @param string $key           The key prior to sanitization.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'sanitize_key', $sanitized_key, $key );
}

/**
 * Sanitizes a string into a slug, which can be used in URLs or HTML attributes.
 *
 * By default, converts accent characters to ASCII characters and further
 * limits the output to alphanumeric characters, underscore (_) and dash (-)
 * through the {@see 'sanitize_title'} filter.
 *
 * If `$title` is empty and `$fallback_title` is set, the latter will be used.
 *
 * @since 1.0.0
 *
 * @param string $title          The string to be sanitized.
 * @param string $fallback_title Optional. A title to use if $title is empty. Default empty.
 * @param string $context        Optional. The operation for which the string is sanitized.
 *                               When set to 'save', the string runs through remove_accents().
 *                               Default 'save'.
 * @return string The sanitized string.
 */
function sanitize_title( $title, $fallback_title = '', $context = 'save' ) {
	$raw_title = $title;

	if ( 'save' === $context ) {
		$title = remove_accents( $title );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters a sanitized title string.
	 *
	 * @since 1.2.0
	 *
	 * @param string $title     Sanitized title.
	 * @param string $raw_title The title prior to sanitization.
	 * @param string $context   The context for which the title is being sanitized.
	 */
	$title = apply_filters( 'sanitize_title', $title, $raw_title, $context );

	if ( '' === $title || false === $title ) {
		$title = $fallback_title;
	}

	return $title;
}

/**
 * Sanitizes a title with the 'query' context.
 *
 * Used for querying the database for a value from URL.
 *
 * @since 3.1.0
 *
 * @param string $title The string to be sanitized.
 * @return string The sanitized string.
 */
function sanitize_title_for_query( $title ) {
	return sanitize_title( $title, '', 'query' );
}

/**
 * Sanitizes a title, replacing whitespace and a few other characters with dashes.
 *
 * Limits the output to alphanumeric characters, underscore (_) and dash (-).
 * Whitespace becomes a dash.
 *
 * @since 1.2.0
 *
 * @param string $title     The title to be sanitized.
 * @param string $raw_title Optional. Not used. Default empty.
 * @param string $context   Optional. The operation for which the string is sanitized.
 *                          When set to 'save', additional entities are converted to hyphens
 *                          or stripped entirely. Default 'display'.
 * @return string The sanitized title.
 */
function sanitize_title_with_dashes( $title, $raw_title = '', $context = 'display' ) {
	$title = strip_tags( $title );
	// Preserve escaped octets.
	$title = preg_replace( '|%([a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])|', '---$1---', $title );
	// Remove percent signs that are not part of an octet.
	$title = str_replace( '%', '', $title );
	// Restore octets.
	$title = preg_replace( '|---([a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])---|', '%$1', $title );

	if ( wp_is_valid_utf8( $title ) ) {
		if ( function_exists( 'mb_strtolower' ) ) {
			$title = mb_strtolower( $title, 'UTF-8' );
		}
		$title = utf8_uri_encode( $title, 200 );
	}

	$title = strtolower( $title );

	if ( 'save' === $context ) {
		// Convert  , non-breaking hyphen, &ndash, and &mdash to hyphens.
		$title = str_replace( array( '%c2%a0', '%e2%80%91', '%e2%80%93', '%e2%80%94' ), '-', $title );
		// Convert  , non-breaking hyphen, &ndash, and &mdash HTML entities to hyphens.
		$title = str_replace( array( ' ', '‑', ' ', '–', '–', '—', '—' ), '-', $title );
		// Convert forward slash to hyphen.
		$title = str_replace( '/', '-', $title );

		// Strip these characters entirely.
		$title = str_replace(
			array(
				// Soft hyphens.
				'%c2%ad',
				// ¡ and ¿.
				'%c2%a1',
				'%c2%bf',
				// Angle quotes.
				'%c2%ab',
				'%c2%bb',
				'%e2%80%b9',
				'%e2%80%ba',
				// Curly quotes.
				'%e2%80%98',
				'%e2%80%99',
				'%e2%80%9c',
				'%e2%80%9d',
				'%e2%80%9a',
				'%e2%80%9b',
				'%e2%80%9e',
				'%e2%80%9f',
				// Bullet.
				'%e2%80%a2',
				// ©, ®, °, &hellip, and &trade.
				'%c2%a9',
				'%c2%ae',
				'%c2%b0',
				'%e2%80%a6',
				'%e2%84%a2',
				// Acute accents.
				'%c2%b4',
				'%cb%8a',
				'%cc%81',
				'%cd%81',
				// Grave accent, macron, caron.
				'%cc%80',
				'%cc%84',
				'%cc%8c',
				// Non-visible characters that display without a width.
				'%e2%80%8b', // Zero width space.
				'%e2%80%8c', // Zero width non-joiner.
				'%e2%80%8d', // Zero width joiner.
				'%e2%80%8e', // Left-to-right mark.
				'%e2%80%8f', // Right-to-left mark.
				'%e2%80%aa', // Left-to-right embedding.
				'%e2%80%ab', // Right-to-left embedding.
				'%e2%80%ac', // Pop directional formatting.
				'%e2%80%ad', // Left-to-right override.
				'%e2%80%ae', // Right-to-left override.
				'%ef%bb%bf', // Byte order mark.
				'%ef%bf%bc', // Object replacement character.
			),
			'',
			$title
		);

		// Convert non-visible characters that display with a width to hyphen.
		$title = str_replace(
			array(
				'%e2%80%80', // En quad.
				'%e2%80%81', // Em quad.
				'%e2%80%82', // En space.
				'%e2%80%83', // Em space.
				'%e2%80%84', // Three-per-em space.
				'%e2%80%85', // Four-per-em space.
				'%e2%80%86', // Six-per-em space.
				'%e2%80%87', // Figure space.
				'%e2%80%88', // Punctuation space.
				'%e2%80%89', // Thin space.
				'%e2%80%8a', // Hair space.
				'%e2%80%a8', // Line separator.
				'%e2%80%a9', // Paragraph separator.
				'%e2%80%af', // Narrow no-break space.
			),
			'-',
			$title
		);

		// Convert × to 'x'.
		$title = str_replace( '%c3%97', 'x', $title );
	}

	// Remove HTML entities.
	$title = preg_replace( '/&.+?;/', '', $title );
	$title = str_replace( '.', '-', $title );

	$title = preg_replace( '/[^%a-z0-9 _-]/', '', $title );
	$title = preg_replace( '/\s+/', '-', $title );
	$title = preg_replace( '|-+|', '-', $title );
	$title = trim( $title, '-' );

	return $title;
}

/**
 * Ensures a string is a valid SQL 'order by' clause.
 *
 * Accepts one or more columns, with or without a sort order (ASC / DESC).
 * e.g. 'column_1', 'column_1, column_2', 'column_1 ASC, column_2 DESC' etc.
 *
 * Also accepts 'RAND()'.
 *
 * @since 2.5.1
 *
 * @param string $orderby Order by clause to be validated.
 * @return string|false Returns $orderby if valid, false otherwise.
 */
function sanitize_sql_orderby( $orderby ) {
	if ( preg_match( '/^\s*(([a-z0-9_]+|`[a-z0-9_]+`)(\s+(ASC|DESC))?\s*(,\s*(?=[a-z0-9_`])|$))+$/i', $orderby ) || preg_match( '/^\s*RAND\(\s*\)\s*$/i', $orderby ) ) {
		return $orderby;
	}
	return false;
}

/**
 * Sanitizes an HTML classname to ensure it only contains valid characters.
 *
 * Strips the string down to A-Z,a-z,0-9,_,-. If this results in an empty
 * string then it will return the alternative value supplied.
 *
 * @todo Expand to support the full range of CDATA that a class attribute can contain.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 *
 * @param string $classname The classname to be sanitized.
 * @param string $fallback  Optional. The value to return if the sanitization ends up as an empty string.
 *                          Default empty string.
 * @return string The sanitized value.
 */
function sanitize_html_class( $classname, $fallback = '' ) {
	// Strip out any percent-encoded characters.
	$sanitized = preg_replace( '|%[a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9]|', '', $classname );

	// Limit to A-Z, a-z, 0-9, '_', '-'.
	$sanitized = preg_replace( '/[^A-Za-z0-9_-]/', '', $sanitized );

	if ( '' === $sanitized && $fallback ) {
		return sanitize_html_class( $fallback );
	}
	/**
	 * Filters a sanitized HTML class string.
	 *
	 * @since 2.8.0
	 *
	 * @param string $sanitized The sanitized HTML class.
	 * @param string $classname HTML class before sanitization.
	 * @param string $fallback  The fallback string.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'sanitize_html_class', $sanitized, $classname, $fallback );
}

/**
 * Strips out all characters not allowed in a locale name.
 *
 * @since 6.2.1
 *
 * @param string $locale_name The locale name to be sanitized.
 * @return string The sanitized value.
 */
function sanitize_locale_name( $locale_name ) {
	// Limit to A-Z, a-z, 0-9, '_', '-'.
	$sanitized = preg_replace( '/[^A-Za-z0-9_-]/', '', $locale_name );

	/**
	 * Filters a sanitized locale name string.
	 *
	 * @since 6.2.1
	 *
	 * @param string $sanitized   The sanitized locale name.
	 * @param string $locale_name The locale name before sanitization.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'sanitize_locale_name', $sanitized, $locale_name );
}

/**
 * Converts lone & characters into `&` (a.k.a. `&`)
 *
 * @since 0.71
 *
 * @param string $content    String of characters to be converted.
 * @param string $deprecated Not used.
 * @return string Converted string.
 */
function convert_chars( $content, $deprecated = '' ) {
	if ( ! empty( $deprecated ) ) {
		_deprecated_argument( __FUNCTION__, '0.71' );
	}

	if ( str_contains( $content, '&' ) ) {
		$content = preg_replace( '/&([^#])(?![a-z1-4]{1,8};)/i', '&$1', $content );
	}

	return $content;
}

/**
 * Converts invalid Unicode references range to valid range.
 *
 * @since 4.3.0
 *
 * @param string $content String with entities that need converting.
 * @return string Converted string.
 */
function convert_invalid_entities( $content ) {
	$wp_htmltranswinuni = array(
		'€' => '€', // The Euro sign.
		'' => '',
		'‚' => '‚', // These are Windows CP1252 specific characters.
		'ƒ' => 'ƒ',  // They would look weird on non-Windows browsers.
		'„' => '„',
		'…' => '…',
		'†' => '†',
		'‡' => '‡',
		'ˆ' => 'ˆ',
		'‰' => '‰',
		'Š' => 'Š',
		'‹' => '‹',
		'Œ' => 'Œ',
		'' => '',
		'Ž' => 'Ž',
		'' => '',
		'' => '',
		'‘' => '‘',
		'’' => '’',
		'“' => '“',
		'”' => '”',
		'•' => '•',
		'–' => '–',
		'—' => '—',
		'˜' => '˜',
		'™' => '™',
		'š' => 'š',
		'›' => '›',
		'œ' => 'œ',
		'' => '',
		'ž' => 'ž',
		'Ÿ' => 'Ÿ',
	);

	if ( str_contains( $content, '' ) ) {
		$content = strtr( $content, $wp_htmltranswinuni );
	}

	return $content;
}

/**
 * Balances tags if forced to, or if the 'use_balanceTags' option is set to true.
 *
 * @since 0.71
 *
 * @param string $text  Text to be balanced.
 * @param bool   $force If true, forces balancing, ignoring the value of the option. Default false.
 * @return string Balanced text.
 */
function balanceTags( $text, $force = false ) {  // phpcs:ignore WordPress.NamingConventions.ValidFunctionName.FunctionNameInvalid
	if ( $force || 1 === (int) get_option( 'use_balanceTags' ) ) {
		return force_balance_tags( $text );
	} else {
		return $text;
	}
}

/**
 * Balances tags of string using a modified stack.
 *
 * {@internal Modified by Scott Reilly (coffee2code) 02 Aug 2004
 *      1.1  Fixed handling of append/stack pop order of end text
 *           Added Cleaning Hooks
 *      1.0  First Version}
 *
 * @since 2.0.4
 * @since 5.3.0 Improve accuracy and add support for custom element tags.
 *
 * @author Leonard Lin 
 * @license GPL
 * @copyright November 4, 2001
 * @version 1.1
 * @todo Make better - change loop condition to $text in 1.2
 *
 * @param string $text Text to be balanced.
 * @return string Balanced text.
 */
function force_balance_tags( $text ) {
	$tagstack  = array();
	$stacksize = 0;
	$tagqueue  = '';
	$newtext   = '';
	// Known single-entity/self-closing tags.
	$single_tags = array( 'area', 'base', 'basefont', 'br', 'col', 'command', 'embed', 'frame', 'hr', 'img', 'input', 'isindex', 'link', 'meta', 'param', 'source', 'track', 'wbr' );
	// Tags that can be immediately nested within themselves.
	$nestable_tags = array( 'article', 'aside', 'blockquote', 'details', 'div', 'figure', 'object', 'q', 'section', 'span' );

	// WP bug fix for comments - in case you REALLY meant to type '< !--'.
	$text = str_replace( '< !--', '<    !--', $text );
	// WP bug fix for LOVE <3 (and other situations with '<' before a number).
	$text = preg_replace( '#<([0-9]{1})#', '<$1', $text );

	/**
	 * Matches supported tags.
	 *
	 * To get the pattern as a string without the comments paste into a PHP
	 * REPL like `php -a`.
	 *
	 * @see https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#elements-2
	 * @see https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/custom-elements.html#valid-custom-element-name
	 *
	 * @example
	 * ~# php -a
	 * php > $s = [paste copied contents of expression below including parentheses];
	 * php > echo $s;
	 */
	$tag_pattern = (
		'#<' . // Start with an opening bracket.
		'(/?)' . // Group 1 - If it's a closing tag it'll have a leading slash.
		'(' . // Group 2 - Tag name.
			// Custom element tags have more lenient rules than HTML tag names.
			'(?:[a-z](?:[a-z0-9._]*)-(?:[a-z0-9._-]+)+)' .
				'|' .
			// Traditional tag rules approximate HTML tag names.
			'(?:[\w:]+)' .
		')' .
		'(?:' .
			// We either immediately close the tag with its '>' and have nothing here.
			'\s*' .
			'(/?)' . // Group 3 - "attributes" for empty tag.
				'|' .
			// Or we must start with space characters to separate the tag name from the attributes (or whitespace).
			'(\s+)' . // Group 4 - Pre-attribute whitespace.
			'([^>]*)' . // Group 5 - Attributes.
		')' .
		'>#' // End with a closing bracket.
	);

	while ( preg_match( $tag_pattern, $text, $regex ) ) {
		$full_match        = $regex[0];
		$has_leading_slash = ! empty( $regex[1] );
		$tag_name          = $regex[2];
		$tag               = strtolower( $tag_name );
		$is_single_tag     = in_array( $tag, $single_tags, true );
		$pre_attribute_ws  = $regex[4] ?? '';
		$attributes        = trim( $regex[5] ?? $regex[3] );
		$has_self_closer   = str_ends_with( $attributes, '/' );

		$newtext .= $tagqueue;

		$i = strpos( $text, $full_match );
		$l = strlen( $full_match );

		// Clear the shifter.
		$tagqueue = '';
		if ( $has_leading_slash ) { // End tag.
			// If too many closing tags.
			if ( $stacksize <= 0 ) {
				$tag = '';
				// Or close to be safe $tag = '/' . $tag.

				// If stacktop value = tag close value, then pop.
			} elseif ( $tagstack[ $stacksize - 1 ] === $tag ) { // Found closing tag.
				$tag = ''; // Close tag.
				array_pop( $tagstack );
				--$stacksize;
			} else { // Closing tag not at top, search for it.
				for ( $j = $stacksize - 1; $j >= 0; $j-- ) {
					if ( $tagstack[ $j ] === $tag ) {
						// Add tag to tagqueue.
						for ( $k = $stacksize - 1; $k >= $j; $k-- ) {
							$tagqueue .= '';
							--$stacksize;
						}
						break;
					}
				}
				$tag = '';
			}
		} else { // Begin tag.
			if ( $has_self_closer ) {
				/*
				 * If it presents itself as a self-closing tag, but it isn't a known single-entity self-closing tag,
				 * then don't let it be treated as such and immediately close it with a closing tag.
				 * The tag will encapsulate no text as a result.
				 */
				if ( ! $is_single_tag ) {
					$attributes = trim( substr( $attributes, 0, -1 ) ) . "> 0 && ! in_array( $tag, $nestable_tags, true ) && $tagstack[ $stacksize - 1 ] === $tag ) {
					$tagqueue = '';
					--$stacksize;
				}
				$stacksize = array_push( $tagstack, $tag );
			}

			// Attributes.
			if ( $has_self_closer && $is_single_tag ) {
				// We need some space - avoid 
 and prefer 
.
				$pre_attribute_ws = ' ';
			}

			$tag = '<' . $tag . $pre_attribute_ws . $attributes . '>';
			// If already queuing a close tag, then put this tag on too.
			if ( ! empty( $tagqueue ) ) {
				$tagqueue .= $tag;
				$tag       = '';
			}
		}
		$newtext .= substr( $text, 0, $i ) . $tag;
		$text     = substr( $text, $i + $l );
	}

	// Clear tag queue.
	$newtext .= $tagqueue;

	// Add remaining text.
	$newtext .= $text;

	while ( $x = array_pop( $tagstack ) ) {
		$newtext .= ''; // Add remaining tags to close.
	}

	// WP fix for the bug with HTML comments.
	$newtext = str_replace( '< !--', '

			 					
					 						 						
				
				
				
					
					
										
				

				
				
									
						
							
						
					
				
				
							
						
					
						
							
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The Founding of YouTube A Short History
